Identification and Quantification of β-Sitosterol β-d-Glucoside of an Ethanolic Extract Obtained by Microwave-Assisted Extraction from Agave angustifolia Haw

Abstract

β-sitosterol β-d-glucoside (BSSG) was extracted from “piña” of the Agave angustifolia Haw plant by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with a KOH solution such as a catalyst and a conventional maceration method to determine the best technique in terms of yield, extraction time, and recovery. The quantification and characterization of BSSG were done by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and high-performance liquid chromatography−electrospray ionization−mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). With an extraction time of 5 s by MAE, a higher amount of BSSG (124.76 mg of β-sitosterol β-d-glucoside/g dry weight of the extract) than those for MAE extraction times of 10 and 15 s (106.19 and 103.97 mg/g dry weight respectively) was shown. The quantification of BSSG in the extract obtained by 48 h of conventional maceration was about 4–5 times less (26.67 mg/g dry weight of the extract) than the yields reached by the MAE treatments. MAE achieved the highest amount of BSSG, in the shortest extraction time while preserving the integrity of the compound’s structure.

Agave By-Products: An Overview of Their Nutraceutical Value, Current Applications, and Processing Methods

“…Microwave technology has been considered an environmentally friendly method and suitable for scaling up for industrial applications. With this technique, by-products from different agave varieties have been processed to obtain activated carbon, bioactive compounds, and simple sugars [99][100][101][102]. For instance, A. salmiana leaves were used to obtain activated carbon (AC) that can be applied to eliminate contaminants, such as methylene blue, from water streams [100].…”

“…With this technique, by-products from different agave varieties have been processed to obtain activated carbon, bioactive compounds, and simple sugars [99][100][101][102]. For instance, A. salmiana leaves were used to obtain activated carbon (AC) that can be applied to eliminate contaminants, such as methylene blue, from water streams [100]. Through the use of microwaves under acid conditions, an AC yield up to 81% was obtained, as well as a 71.4% removal of the colorant.…”

“…The lowest extraction time (5 s) had the highest yield of 124.76 mg b-Sitosterol b-d-Glucoside/g [100]. …”

The Impact of Dietary Compounds in Functional Foods on MicroRNAs Expression

“…β-Sitosterol-d-glucoside is bioactive compounds that has been isolated from Agave angustifolia and sweet potato [88,89]. Pharmacological activity of β-Sitosterold-glucoside has been reported including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antiparasitic activities [88].…”

“…β-Sitosterol-d-glucoside is bioactive compounds that has been isolated from Agave angustifolia and sweet potato [88,89]. Pharmacological activity of β-Sitosterold-glucoside has been reported including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antiparasitic activities [88]. β-Sitosterol-d-glucoside exhibited cytotoxic effect in breast cancer cells by up-regulated miR-10a expression and decreased the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway [89].…”