Identification and Screening Analysis of Halogenated Norbornene Flame Retardants in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Dechloranes 602, 603, and 604

Shen, Li; Reiner, Eric J.; MacPherson, Karen; Kolic, Terry; Sverko, Edward; Helm, Paul A.; Bhavsar, Satyendra P.; Brindle, Ian D.; Märvin, Chris H.

doi:10.1021/es902482b

Cited by 127 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

183

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Even lower MDL values were obtained in fish (pg g −1 lw) when using GC-NCI-MS/MS and GC-EI-HRMS (Barón et al, 2012;Shen et al, 2010Shen et al, , 2011a, which guaranteed the detection of DP with lower levels in the background areas.…”

Section: Instrumental Analysis and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…EI mode was not recommended since an intense ion at m/z 270 (C 5 Cl 6 + ) will be formed in retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation, which may make the intensity of molecular ion low or even absent (Feo et al, 2012;Sverko et al, 2010b). Even so, there were many successful measurements conducted by monitoring the 271.8102/273.8072 ions using EI in HRMS (Brasseur et al, 2014;Shen et al, 2010Shen et al, , 2011aShen et al, , 2011b.…”

Section: Instrumental Analysis and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This lack of clear temporal trend suggested that the inputs of DP into the surrounding environment have not distinctly changed during the 2000s (Salamova and Hites, 2011). However, at a longer time scale, DP levels generally declined in sediment and biota collected from the Niagara River and Lake Ontario since the 1980s (Hoh, et al, 2006;Shen et al, 2010Shen et al, , 2011aSverko et al, 2008Sverko et al, , 2010b. Some studies indicated a period of increasing levels since the 1970s in sediment from central Lake Ontario, and the levels peaked during 1980-1990s (Qiu et al, 2007;Sverko et al, 2010b;Yang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Temporal Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Great Lakes fish, the level of mirex could reach up to 4300 ng g − 1 lw (Shen et al, 2011a), while Dec 602, 603, 604 and CP could be detected to some extent with relatively lower concentrations (b LOD (limit of detection) -180 ng g − 1 lw) (Shen et al, , 2011a. Nevertheless, Dec 602 showed greater bioavailable or bioaccumulative than DP in many cases (Barón et al, 2014a(Barón et al, , 2015Guerra et al, 2011;Peng et al, 2014;Shen et al, 2010Shen et al, , 2011a, proposing new concern on its potential ecological risk. The reason might be due to its relatively low logK OW values (estimated logK OW : 8.1) and subsequent high bioavailability compared with DP (estimated value: 11.3) (Shen et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Human Beingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sources and environmental behaviors of Dechlorane Plus and related compounds — A review

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Environment International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although Dechlorane Plus (DP) has been used as a polychlorinated flame retardant for almost half a century, its detection in the environment was not reported until 2006. The subsequent intensive research has confirmed its global ubiquity. A few reviews have presented the properties, analytical methods and environmental occurrence of DP and related compounds in the past several years. The present review emphasizes on the environmental behavior of DP isomers which is assessed by the variation of the isomer ratio of DP in various matrices. Other aspects including the analytical methods, emission sources, general environmental occurrence and bioaccumulation of DP are also summarized. In this review, three typical emission sources in the environment are categorized after introducing the measurement method of DP. The temporal-spatial distribution is then evaluated at the global scale, which provides an integrated representation of the environmental occurrence of DP and potential impact on the human health and ecosystems. The variations of DP isomer ratio in various matrices reinforce its source related distribution and their stereoselective bioaccumulation. Thereafter, DP related compounds and dechlorinated analogs are briefly summarized in regards to their occurrence in various matrices, suggesting their ubiquity in the environment and bioavailability. Further studies are required to better assess the exposures and toxicological effects of DP and its analogs. A special concern is the serious contamination in e-waste recycling areas in developing countries, where long-term monitoring data on the association of DP exposure and adverse effects to human health and ecosystems is urgently needed.

show abstract

Section: Instrumental Analysis and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Instrumental Analysis and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporal Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Beingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sources and environmental behaviors of Dechlorane Plus and related compounds — A review

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Environment International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dechlorane 602, 603, and 604 were first reported in sediment and fish of the Great Lakes and their tributaries. 39,40 Wang et al reported Dechlorane 602 in soil and air in eastern China close to a production facility with atmospheric concentrations of ∼5 pg m À3 , 41 and Jia et al observed Dechlorane 602 and 603 in marine coastal sediment and oysters from China Sea indicating emissions of these compounds into the marine environment. 42 This is the first finding of these Dechloranes in the marine atmosphere.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers vs Alternate Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes from East Asia to the Arctic

Møller

Xie

Cai

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marine boundary layer air and seawater samples taken during a polar expedition cruise from East China Sea to the Arctic were analyzed in order to compare the occurrence, distribution, and fate of the banned polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with their brominated alternatives as well as the chlorinated Dechloranes. The sum of PBDEs (∑10PBDEs) in the atmosphere ranged from 0.07 to 8.1 pg m–3 with BDE–209 being the dominating congener and from not detected (n.d.) to 0.6 pg L–1 in seawater. Alternate brominated flame retardants (BFRs), especially hexabromobenzene (HBB), (2,3–dibromopropyl–2,4,6–tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), pentabromotoluene (PBT), 2–ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5–tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB), bis–(2–ethylhexyl)–tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), were detected in higher concentrations than PBDEs, even in the high Arctic (0.6 to 15.4 pg m–3 for sum of alternate BFRs), indicating the change of PBDEs toward alternate BFRs in the environmental predominance. In addition, Dechlorane Plus (DP) as well as Dechlorane 602, 603, and 604 were detected both in the atmosphere and in seawater. The highest concentrations as well as the highest compound variability were observed in East Asian samples suggesting the Asian continent as source of these compounds in the marine environment. The air–seawater exchange indicates strong deposition, especially of alternate BFRs, as well as dry particle–bound deposition of BDE–209 into the ocean.

show abstract

Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of Dechloranes

Zhou

Reiner

Märvin

et al. 2011

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/APPI-MS/MS) was investigated as an instrumental method for the analysis of the halogenated norbornene flame retardants, Mirex, Dechloranes 602, 603, 604, and Dechlorane Plus (DP). The LC separation was optimized by screening a variety of stationary and mobile phases, resulting in a short LC separation time of 5 min. Different atmospheric pressure ionization approaches were examined including electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and APPI, each with and without post-column addition. APPI without post-column addition was chosen for providing the best ionization response. The optimized LC/APPI-MS/MS approach resulted in instrument detection limits ranging between 25 and 50 pg. Good linearity was also achieved (up to 25.0 ng/µL; R >0.999). The method was applied to extracts of environmental samples including surface water, fish and sediments for screening purposes, and the results agreed well with those obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

show abstract

Identification and Screening Analysis of Halogenated Norbornene Flame Retardants in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Dechloranes 602, 603, and 604

Cited by 127 publications

References 18 publications

Sources and environmental behaviors of Dechlorane Plus and related compounds — A review

Sources and environmental behaviors of Dechlorane Plus and related compounds — A review

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers vs Alternate Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes from East Asia to the Arctic

Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of Dechloranes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About