Identification, cloning and sequence analysisof the equine adenovirus 1 hexon gene

Abstract

Based on sequence homology with human adenovirus 2 (HAdV2), the hexon gene of equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV1) was identified. HindIII restriction fragments containing the hexon and other viral genes were cloned into the plasmids pUC19 and pBlueScript SK(-) and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the hexon gene was completely determined and partial sequence data were obtained for seven other EAdV1 genes. Amino acid (aa) sequence comparison with published adenovirus (AdV) proteins identified the genes for the IIIa, penton, pVII, PVI, 23K proteinase, DNA binding and 100K proteins. The eight EAdV1 genes appeared to be in the same relative order as homologous genes of other AdV. The EAdV1 hexon protein was encoded between the hexon-associated pVI upstream and the 23K proteinase gene downstream and comprised 2742 nucleotides which translated into 913 aa. Similar to other members of the genus Mastadenovirus the EAdV1 hexon yielded two highly conserved genome segments at the N- and C-termini which flanked intermediate variable and hypervariable regions. The majority of the residue differences between EAdV1 and other AdV hexons occurred in two loops that are known for other AdV to protrude from the surface of the nucleocapsid. Amino acid comparisons with other AdV hexons revealed highest homology with HAdV12 hexon with 72% identical and 83% functionally similar residues, followed by bovine AdV3 hexon with 71% identities and 82% functional residue conservation. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that EAdV1 and other AdV do not have an immediate common ancestor.

Virusinfections of the respiratory tract in horses – etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, immune response and defen- se – Part 2: Equine adenoviruses, Equine rhinitis A und B viruses, Mammalian reoviruses and Parainfluenza Virus type 3

“…Gleiche Untersuchungen des Genoms von EAdV2 ergaben, dass dieser Serotyp engere genetische Beziehungen zu humanen und bovinen Adenoviren aufweist als zu EAdV1. Daraus wird abgeleitet, dass EAdV2 andere phylogenetische Vorfahren haben muss als EAdV1 (Reubel und Studdert 1997, 1997a.…”

Identification of equine herpesvirus 3 (equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 and 5, equine adenoviruses 1 and 2, equine arteritis virus and equine rhinitis A virus by polymerase chain reaction

“…Primers were designed to conserved regions of the hexon genes of EAdV1 and EAdV2. 10,11 Even though EAdV1 isolates are antigenically indistinguishable, genomic variability is known to occur. EAdV1 and EAdV2 hexon genes share 65% nucleotide identity.…”

“…EAdV1 and EAdV2 hexon genes share 65% nucleotide identity. 10 These primers produced a 299 bp product from all of 13 EAdV1 isolates collected between 1975 and 1982 ( Figure 3A). The EAdV1 PCR primers did not amplify EAdV2 ( Figure 3A).…”

Molecular Detection of Equine Adenovirus 1 in Nasal Swabs from Horses in the Republic of Korea

“…Although EAdV-1 has been isolated from both clinically affected and healthy horses [7][8][9], it is a common and important cause of virus-induced respiratory disease in horses [10]. An EAdV-1 infection is subclinical or associated with mild upper respiratory tract diseases [5,8,10].…”

“…Although EAdV-1 has been isolated from both clinically affected and healthy horses [7][8][9], it is a common and important cause of virus-induced respiratory disease in horses [10]. An EAdV-1 infection is subclinical or associated with mild upper respiratory tract diseases [5,8,10]. The clinical signs of an EAdV-1 infection in equine upper respiratory disease include nasal discharge, coughing, an enlarged submandibular lymph node, and pyrexia [8,11].…”