Identification, molecular characterization and expression of aminopeptidase N-1 (APN-1) from Anopheles stephensi in SF9 cell line as a candidate molecule for developing a vaccine that interrupt malaria transmission

Abstract

Background: According to the World Health Organization reports, billions of people around the world are at risk for malaria disease and it is important to consider the preventive strategies for protecting the people that are living in high risk areas. One of the main reasons of disease survival is diversity of vectors and parasites in different malaria regions that have their specific features, behaviour and biology. Therefore, specific regional strategies are necessary for successful control of malaria. One of the tools that needs to be developed for elimination and prevention of reintroduction of malaria is a vaccine that interrupt malaria transmission (VIMTs). VIMT is a broad concept that should be adjusted to the biological characteristics of the disease in each region. One type of VIMT is a vector-based vaccine that affects the sexual stage of Plasmodium life cycle. According to recent studies, the aminopeptidase N-1 of Anopheles gambiae (AgAPN-1) is as a potent vector-based VIMT with considerable inhibition activity against the sexual stage of Plasmodium parasite.Methods: Systems for rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3ʹ-RACE) and genome walking methods were used for sequence determination of apn-1 gene from Anopheles stephensi and distinct bioinformatics software were used for structural analysis. AsAPN-1 was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cell line using the baculovirus expression system. Recombinant AsAPN-1 was purified under the hybrid condition and its biological activity was assayed.

Developing a Vaccine to Block West Nile Virus Transmission: In Silico Studies, Molecular Characterization, Expression, and Blocking Activity of Culex pipiens mosGCTL-1

“…Effective activation of the central immune system is dependent on the presence of appropriate immunogenic components as well as the adequate antigen-Presenting cells. The presentation of processed antigens to the T-effector cells is mediated by the MHC molecules and the genetic diversity of the MHC plays a crucial role in the immune response [ 40 ]. Immuno-informatics analysis which was done using the NetMHCII showed that the peptide fragments of CTLM are relatively well presented to the immune system on the MHC molecule.…”

“…Therefore, the NetMHCII 2.2 server was used to evaluate the potential properties of presenting the recombinant C-type lectin with the common MHC-II alleles in Iran. Iranian’s common MHC-II alleles were determined according to the previously performed studies [ 40 , 50 ]. The affinity value of the peptide fragments was determined using the NetMHCII.…”

Probing the Rhipicephalus bursa Sialomes in Potential Anti-Tick Vaccine Candidates: A Reverse Vaccinology Approach

“…Reverse vaccinology (RV) is an approach exploring available omics data and in silico tools to select a great amount of predicted antigenic proteins potentially capable of inducing a protective immune response in vivo [21,[31][32][33][34]. A combination of such techniques is steadily being implemented to develop novel and effective vaccines against several infectious diseases, including parasitosis [35][36][37][38][39][40]. These approaches have been already used on tissue-specific tick omics data in the pursuit of potential protective candidates [26,30,[41][42][43].…”