Identification of a novel multiple environmental factor‐responsive 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate synthase gene, NT‐ACS2, from tobacco

Abstract

Many abiotic environmental factors elicit the production of stress‐ethylene in higher plants. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of stress‐ethylene production and the physiological roles played by stress‐ethylene in stress responses of plants, we studied the gene expression of ACC synthase in tobacco plants that had been subjected to environmental stresses. Four new tobacco ACC synthase cDNA fragments, NT‐ACS2, NT‐ACS3, NT‐ACS4 and NT‐ACS5, were identified and sequenced. It was found that NT‐ACS2 could be induced by wounding, cold temperature and, especially, sunlight. NT‐ACS4 was induced at a faster kinetics by wounding. The multiple environmental stress‐responsive (MESR) NT‐ACS2 gene was found to contain three introns and four exons and encode a polypeptide of 484 amino acids, 54·6 kDa and pI 6·87. Computer analysis of the 3·4 kb 5′ flanking region upstream of the ACS coding region revealed the existence of a group of putative cis‐acting regulatory elements potentially conferring wounding, chilling, and UV light inducibility. Phylogenetic analysis of ACC synthase genes of different plant origins indicated that the chill‐inducible NT‐ACS2 gene is closely related to a chilling‐inducible citrus ACS gene.

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“…The large increase in ACC observed here in response to EEE has been described in other studies and referred to as stress ethylene, an early response that amplifies programmed cell death signals (Ge et al, 2000;Overmyer et al, 2000;Tuominen et al, 2004). Our results show that LSD1 suppresses an ethylene/ ROS-dependent programmed cell death pathway that requires the functions of EDS1 and PAD4 (Figure 9).…”

“…Previously, it was reported that ROS and ethylene regulate photosynthesis (Kays and Pallas, 1980;Asada, 1999;Karpiń ski et al, 1999) and that ethylene potentiates the oxidative burst (Ge et al, 2000;de Jong et al, 2002;Tuominen et al, 2004). Therefore, we measured levels of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), which is the immediate biosynthetic precursor of ethylene and a reliable marker of ethylene levels in the plant (Adams and Yang, 1979).…”

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“…Total RNA of 15 mg was loaded on each lane for electrophoresis. RNA transfer and cross-linking onto a nylon membrane (Hybrid N 1 ; Amersham) was as described (Sambrook et al, 1989;Ge et al, 2000). The probe of TaRAN1 cDNA was labeled with [ 32 P]dCTP (China Isotope).…”

Overexpression of OsRAA1 Causes Pleiotropic Phenotypes in Transgenic Rice Plants, including Altered Leaf, Flower, and Root Development and Root Response to Gravity

“…Total RNA electrophoresis and the programs of the RNA transferred and cross-linked onto a nylon membrane (Hybrid N 1 ; Amersham, Buckinghamshire, UK) were performed as described by Sambrook et al (1989) and Ge et al (2000). Total RNA of 15 mg was loaded on each lane.…”