Identification of class 1 and 2 integrons from clinical and environmental Salmonella isolates

Correa, Fábio Ederson Lopes; Dantas, Fabiana Gomes da Silva; Barufatti, Alexéia; Crispim, Bruno do Amaral; Oliveira, Kelly Mari Pires de

doi:10.3855/jidc.4734

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…All isolates were investigated for the presence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrase-encoding genes, through PCR amplification using primers reported elsewhere (Leverstein-Van Hall et al, 2002 ; Corrêa et al, 2014 ; Manageiro et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of Class 1, 2, and 3 Integrons from Gram Negative Bacteria Recovered among Fruits and Vegetables

et al. 2016

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The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria throughout the food chain constitutes a public health concern. To understand the contribution of fresh produce in shaping antibiotic resistance bacteria and integron prevalence in the food chain, 333 antibiotic resistance Gram negative isolates were collected from organic and conventionally produced fruits (pears, apples, and strawberries) and vegetables (lettuces, tomatoes, and carrots). Although low levels of resistance have been detected, the bacterial genera identified in the assessed fresh produce are often described not only as environmental, but mostly as commensals and opportunistic pathogens. The genomic characterization of integron-harboring isolates revealed a high number of mobile genetic elements and clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes, of which we highlight the presence of as mcr-1, qnrA1, blaGES−11, mphA, and oqxAB. The study of class 1 (n = 8), class 2 (n = 3) and class 3 (n = 1) integrons, harbored by species such as Morganella morganii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, led to the identification of different integron promoters (PcW, PcH1, PcS, and PcWTNG−10) and cassette arrays (containing drfA, aadA, cmlA, estX, sat, and blaGES). In fact, the diverse integron backbones were associated with transposable elements (e.g., Tn402, Tn7, ISCR1, Tn2*, IS26, IS1326, and IS3) that conferred greater mobility. This is also the first appearance of In1258, In1259, and In3-13, which should be monitored to prevent their establishment as successfully dispersed mobile resistance integrons. These results underscore the growing concern about the dissemination of acquired resistance genes by mobile elements in the food chain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of Class 1, 2, and 3 Integrons from Gram Negative Bacteria Recovered among Fruits and Vegetables

et al. 2016

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“…Antibiotic discs (Oxoid, England) were used to determine the susceptibility of the strains to 15 antibiotics: minocyline (30 μg/disc), chloramphenicol (30 μg/disc), amikacin (30 μg/disc), ampicillin (10 μg/disc), gentamicin (120 μg/disc), teicoplanin (30 μg/disc), cefotaxime (30 μg/disc), cefoxitin (30 μg/disc), oxacillin (1 μg/disc), levofloxacin (5 μg/disc), aztreonam (30 μg/disc), penicillin (10 μg/disc), rifampicin (5 μg/disc), tetracycline (30 μg/disc), and vancomycin (30 μg/disc), analyses were done in duplicate. Each isolate was classified as resistant (R), sensitive (S) and/or intermediate (I) according to the inhibition zone diameters in agreement with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute tables [51].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activities and in vitro properties of cold-adapted Lactobacillus strains isolated from the intestinal tract of cold water fishes of high latitude water areas in Xinjiang, China

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThere are still a large variety of microorganisms among aquatic animals, especially probiotic lactic acid bacteria in cold water fishes at high latitudes have not been fully developed. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate the probiotic potential of cold-adapted Lactobacillus strains isolated from the intestinal tract of cold water fishes (Xinjiang) and select candidates to be used as new food preservative agents and/or probiotic additives in feeding of aquaculture.ResultsA total of 43 Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from 16 kinds of intestinal tract of cold-water fishes. They were characterized by phenotypic methods, identified using Rep-PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing as four species: Lactobacillus sakei (22 isolates), Lactobacillus plantarum (16 isolates), Lactobacillus casei (4 isolates) and Lactobacillus paracasei (1 isolate). The in vitro tests included survival in low pH and bile, antimicrobial activity (against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Listeria innocua), resistance to 15 antibiotics and hemolytic tests. Among all 43 lactobacilli isolates, the 22 isolates showed a wide range of antimicrobial activity against 6 different pathogenic strains. There were twenty isolates growing at optimal temperature ranging 16~20 °C, which were initially considered to be cold-adapted strains. Two (2) Lb. sakei strains and 2 Lb. plantarum strains demonstrated the highest survivability after 4 h of exposure at pH 2.0. Most of the tested strains cannot be cultured after exposed into 0.5% bile solution for 4 h, while 2 Lb. plantarum strains (E-HLM-3, CQ-CGC-2) and 1 Lb. sakei strain M-DGM-2 survived even at 2% bile concentration. In addition, the safety assessment showed that 22 strains without any detectable hemolytic activity and resistant to glycopeptides (vancomycin, teicoplanin), levofloxacin, aztreonam, amikacin and oxacillin, while all the studied lactobacilli showed sensitivity to or semi-tolerant to other antibiotics.ConclusionsBased on all the experiments, 3 strains, including E-HLM-3, CQ-CGC-2, and M-DGM-2 might be a candidate of choice for using in the food preservative agents and/or probiotic additives in feeding of aquaculture.

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“…All integrons are usually composed of three key elements necessary for the capture of exogenous genes: an intI gene; a primary recombination site ( attI ); and an outward- orientated promoter (Pc) [ 163 ]. It has been found that class I integrons contribute to antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , respectively [ 164 , 165 ]. A new rifampin resistance gene arr-2 , located on a gene cassette within a class I integron, was found in P. aeruginosa [ 166 ].…”

Section: The Third Line Of Defense: Intracellular Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents

Zhou

Shi

Huang

et al. 2015

IJMS

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Antimicrobial agents target a range of extra- and/or intracellular loci from cytoplasmic wall to membrane, intracellular enzymes and genetic materials. Meanwhile, many resistance mechanisms employed by bacteria to counter antimicrobial agents have been found and reported in the past decades. Based on their spatially distinct sites of action and distribution of location, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria were categorized into three groups, coined the three lines of bacterial defense in this review. The first line of defense is biofilms, which can be formed by most bacteria to overcome the action of antimicrobial agents. In addition, some other bacteria employ the second line of defense, the cell wall, cell membrane, and encased efflux pumps. When antimicrobial agents permeate the first two lines of defense and finally reach the cytoplasm, many bacteria will make use of the third line of defense, including alterations of intracellular materials and gene regulation to protect themselves from harm by bactericides. The presented three lines of defense theory will help us to understand the bacterial resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents and design efficient strategies to overcome these resistances.

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Identification of class 1 and 2 integrons from clinical and environmental Salmonella isolates

Abstract: The presence of an integron did not necessarily confer resistance. Future studies will seek to identify the mechanism behind integron-mediated antimicrobial resistance.

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Architecture of Class 1, 2, and 3 Integrons from Gram Negative Bacteria Recovered among Fruits and Vegetables

Architecture of Class 1, 2, and 3 Integrons from Gram Negative Bacteria Recovered among Fruits and Vegetables

Antimicrobial activities and in vitro properties of cold-adapted Lactobacillus strains isolated from the intestinal tract of cold water fishes of high latitude water areas in Xinjiang, China

The Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents

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