“…A number of approaches are being taken to improve the sensitivity and specificity of BFID in recent years including DNA methylation [ [148] , [149] , [150] , [151] , [152] , [153] , [154] , [155] , [156] , [157] , [158] , [159] , [160] , [161] ], messenger RNA (mRNA) [ [162] , [163] , [164] , [165] , [166] ], microRNA (miRNA) [ 167 ], protein mass spectrometry for seminal fluid detection [ 168 ], and microbiome analysis [ 169 , 170 ]. Although many new techniques are being described in the scientific literature, traditional methods for semen identification are still widely used in regular forensic casework [ 171 ].…”