Identification of compounds relevant to the chemical weapons convention using selective gas chromatography detectors, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in an international trial proficiency test

Söderström, Martin; Björk, Heikki; Häkkinen, V.; Kostiainen, Olli; Kuitunen, Marja‐Leena; Rautio, Marjatta

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(96)00182-3

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The identification of such non-scheduled but specific markers of CWAs aids in deciphering the kind of agent that was present in the sample submitted for off-site analysis. As a consequence, many research groups are developing methodologies for their analyses [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Study on Fragmentation Pathways of a Novel Nerve Agent, ‘Novichok (A234)’, in Aqueous Solution by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2021

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As a first step toward studying the properties of Novichok (ethyl (1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate (A234)), we investigated its degradation products and fragmentation pathways in aqueous solution at different pH levels by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A234 was synthesized in our laboratory and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three sets of aqueous samples were prepared at different pH levels. A stock solution of A234 was prepared in acetonitrile at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and stored at −20 °C until use. Aqueous samples (0.1 mg/mL) were prepared by diluting the stock solution with deionized water. The acidic aqueous sample (pH = 3.5) and basic aqueous sample (pH = 9.4) were prepared using 0.01 M acetic acid and 0.01 M potassium carbonate, respectively. The analysis of the fragmentation patterns and degradation pathways of A234 showed that the same degradation products were formed at all pH levels. However, the hydrolysis rate of A234 was fastest under acidic conditions. In all three conditions, the fragmentation pattern and the major degradation product of A234 were determined. This information will be applicable to studies regarding the decontamination of Novichok and the trace analysis of its degradation products in various environmental matrices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Study on Fragmentation Pathways of a Novel Nerve Agent, ‘Novichok (A234)’, in Aqueous Solution by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2021

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“…The Tracer and newer DD models were capable of achieving detection limits for real time measurements (i.e., with measurement times approximately equal to the FWHM of the narrowest peak) that were comparable to those reported using MI, that is, in the low-to-mid pg range, which has proven to be sufficient for a wide range of applications. 29,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39] More recently, GC/FT-IR based on a DD interface has been employed for the analysis of a wide variety of analytes encountered in a forensic laboratory that yield ambiguous results using GC/MS alone. 38,40 The researchers found that although GC/MS could not unequivocally identify these analytes when used independently, the results generated using this technique were useful for providing orthogonal, confirmatory information to the results acquired using the GC/FT-IR instrument.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Orthogonal Drug Detection Using Fully Integrated Gas Chromatography with Fourier Transform Infrared Detection and Mass Spectrometric Detection

Lanzarotta¹,

Falconer²,

McCauley³

et al. 2016

Appl Spectrosc

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Analytes that co-elute and yield nearly identical electron ionization (EI) mass spectra, as well as analytes that yield non-specific EI fragmentation patterns, have been identified using fully integrated gas chromatography with direct deposit Fourier transform infrared detection and mass spectrometric detection (GC/FT-IR/MS). While the IR detector proved to be more selective for identifying analytes such as synthetic cannabinoids and weight loss drugs, it was limited by a relatively high detection limit of 8.4 parts per million (ppm) for non-targeted identification of sibutramine based on a single injection but was reduced to 840 parts per billion (ppb) for targeted identification of sibutramine by redepositing ten injections along the same track. The MS detector was less selective for identifying these analytes but yielded non-targeted and targeted detection limits of approximately 84 ppb and 8.4 ppb, respectively, which corresponded to a 100-fold advantage compared to the IR detector. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that the advantages of each detector compensate for the limitations of the other, which allows a wider range of analytes and concentrations to be examined using a fully integrated GC/FT-IR/MS instrument compared to what can be examined using GC/IR or GC/MS independently. Not only does this approach reduce consumption of laboratory resources and time, it provides IR and MS information on the same sample, which is important for forensic analyses that require data from two or more orthogonal techniques to make an identification.

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“…These chemicals are classified into three groups, namely schedules 1, 2 and 3, according to the chemical weapons convention (CWC). The OPCW conducts the proficiency tests to designate laboratories worldwide for the off-site analysis of the chemicals related to CWC [1,2]. In these tests, complex matrices such as soil, water, organic liquids, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace level detection and identification of chemicals related to the chemical weapons convention from complex organic samples

Reddy

Saradhi

Prabhakar

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography A

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Identification of compounds relevant to the chemical weapons convention using selective gas chromatography detectors, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in an international trial proficiency test

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization and Study on Fragmentation Pathways of a Novel Nerve Agent, ‘Novichok (A234)’, in Aqueous Solution by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Characterization and Study on Fragmentation Pathways of a Novel Nerve Agent, ‘Novichok (A234)’, in Aqueous Solution by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Simultaneous Orthogonal Drug Detection Using Fully Integrated Gas Chromatography with Fourier Transform Infrared Detection and Mass Spectrometric Detection

Trace level detection and identification of chemicals related to the chemical weapons convention from complex organic samples

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