Identification of cryptochrome DASH from vertebrates

Daiyasu, Hiromi; Ishikawa, Tomoko; Kuma, Kei-ichi; Iwai, Shigenori; Todo, Tomoki; Toh, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1111/j.1356-9597.2004.00738.x

Cited by 103 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Wavelengths greater than 370 nm can effectively stimulate photorepair, yet the specific action spectra for these proteins in zebrafish are unknown. The closest known long wave absorbers in zebrafish are cyptochromes, which show only weak photolyase activity [26] and are thought to play larger roles in circadian rhythm [27].…”

Section: Ultraviolet Radiation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiological effects of UVA and UVB light in zebrafish embryos: Evidence for a competent photorepair system

Dong

Svoboda

Tiersch

et al. 2007

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

110

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The consequences of UVB and UVA irradiation on hatch rate, mortality, and malformation were studied in embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio). The use of zebrafish embryos has expanded from traditional developmental models to diverse studies, including many techniques utilizing light exposure. To characterize useful indicators of photodamage, the responses and threshold limits of UV radiation as a function of embryonic stage and fish source were evaluated. Significant differences in UVB susceptibility were observed in embryos at 3, 6-7, 12, and 24 h postfertilization (hpf), with the 1000-cell stage (3 hpf) having greatest tolerance to UVB. Embryos derived from zebrafish raised in outdoor ponds were more tolerant to UVB than were embryos from laboratory-raised fish. Combinations of UVB and UVA exposure were used to confirm the presence of a competent photorepair system in zebrafish that could return otherwise malformed embryos to a normal phenotype. Overall, embryonic zebrafish had large tolerances (LD 50 of 850 J/cm 2 ) to UVA, confirming their suitability for photoactivation and photorepair studies.

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Section: Ultraviolet Radiation Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiological effects of UVA and UVB light in zebrafish embryos: Evidence for a competent photorepair system

Dong

Svoboda

Tiersch

et al. 2007

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

110

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“…53) Seven zebrafish Cry genes (zCry1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3, 4 and Dash) have been cloned. 53,61) Investigation of the in vitro functions of these genes has shown that they fall into two groups: one group inhibits CLOCK:BMAL-mediated transcription (repressor type CRYs: zCRY1a, 1b, 2a and 2b), whereas the other group does not inhibit transcription (non-repressor type CRYs: zCRY3, 4 and Dash). 61,62) Despite its structural and functional similarities to the repressor type CRYs, zCry1a transcription is quite different from that of the other repressor type CRYs and is strictly light-dependent (Fig.…”

Section: Redox Signaling Is Involved In the Light Entrainment Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Common Origin: Signaling Similarities in the Regulation of the Circadian Clock and DNA Damage Responses

Uchida

Hirayama

Nishina

2010

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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INTRODUCTIONFrom bacteria to humans, almost all organisms can adapt the timing of their physiology to the cyclic changes of their environment, thanks to a naturally-selected intrinsic timekeeping system called the circadian clock. 1) The circadian clock enhances the physiological efficiency and survival of an organism by organizing its behavior and body functions. 2,3) During the circadian day, the organism's physiology is given over to catabolic processes, whereas the anabolic functions of growth, repair and consolidation occur at night. To achieve this schedule in mammals, the circadian clock regulates a number of physiological functions, including sleep and wakefulness, food intake, body temperature, cardiovascular and renal activity, hormone production, hepatic metabolism and immune responses. 4,5) Accordingly, disruption of the circadian clock in humans has been linked to profound effects on health, including insomnia, stomach ailments, depression and cancer. 4,5) In most organisms, the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of biological rhythms comprise interconnected transcription-translation feedback loops in which some clock factors repress their own transcription once they have attained critical levels. 2,3) These oscillators have the property of being endogenous and cellautonomous systems that maintain their rhythm in the absence of external time cues. 6) Both vertebrates and invertebrates have circadian oscillators scattered throughout their bodies. 7,8) In mammals, the circadian system is composed of both central and peripheral oscillators. 7) The mammalian central clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) within the anterior hypothalamus of the brain. 9) This central clock acts as a coordinator and provides time signals via both neural and humoral routes that entrain independent peripheral clocks. Dysfunction of the central clock does not inactivate the peripheral clocks but instead causes individual peripheral oscillators to become temporally uncoupled. [10][11][12] To guarantee that an organism's behavior remains tied to the rhythms of its environment, the circadian clock must be able to reset itself in response to environmental cues. 9,13,14) The main environmental stimulus for organisms is light, which is provided in day-night cycles. Mammals have no photoreceptors in peripheral tissues, 15) so that the effect of light on peripheral clocks is indirect. 13) For the mammalian clock, the SCN integrates photic cues from the retina and uses neural and humoral signals to transmit this information to peripheral clocks, synchronizing them. [16][17][18] This communication between the central and peripheral clocks results in the seamless regulation of fundamental physiological functions. 4,8) Interestingly, peripheral clocks can also respond directly to SCN-independent signals such as feeding and temperature change. 19,20) However, the physiological role of SCN-independent responses of peripheral clocks is not yet fully understood. A recent study has reported that ...

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“…Reference sequences were selected according to Daiyasu et al (2004) and were also retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Entrez Protein database (see Figure 1B for corresponding gene identifier numbers). Multiple sequence alignments were carried out using T-COFFEE, ClustalW, and MAFFT with default parameters (Thompson et al, 1994;Notredame et al, 2000;Katoh et al, 2005).…”

Section: Sequence Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They absorb light in the blue spectrum and transfer an excited electron from the cofactor FAD to an enzyme-bound cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which is thereby cleaved (Sancar, 1990(Sancar, , 1994Sancar, 1994). Cryptochromes are characterized by an N-terminal photolyase-related (PHR) region without significant photorepair activity and by a C-terminal domain of varying length, which is absent in members of the CRY-DASH subfamily (Daiyasu et al, 2004). The exact function of the CRY-DASH proteins was elusive; however, recent data imply that they are actually photolyases that specifically repair CPDs in single-stranded DNA (Selby and Sancar, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue-light receptors that regulate growth, development, and the circadian clock in higher eukaryotes and that are believed to have evolved from the DNA photolyase protein family (Daiyasu et al, 2004;Lin and Todo, 2005). Photolyases, in contrast, repair UV-induced DNA damage by using a mechanism referred to as photorepair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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More Than a Repair Enzyme:Aspergillus nidulansPhotolyase-like CryA Is a Regulator of Sexual Development

Bayram

Biesemann

Krappmann

et al. 2008

MBoC

129

116

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Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that have presumably evolved from the DNA photolyase protein family, and the genomes of many organisms contain genes for both types of molecules. Both protein structures resemble each other, which suggests that light control and light protection share a common ancient origin. In the genome of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, however, only one cryptochrome/photolyase-encoding gene, termed cryA, was identified. Deletion of the cryA gene triggers sexual differentiation under inappropriate culture conditions and results in upregulation of transcripts encoding regulators of fruiting body formation. CryA is a protein whose N-and C-terminal synthetic green fluorescent protein fusions localize to the nucleus. CryA represses sexual development under UVA 350-370 nm light both on plates and in submerged culture. Strikingly, CryA exhibits photorepair activity as demonstrated by heterologous complementation of a DNA repair-deficient Escherichia coli strain as well as overexpression in an A. nidulans uvsB⌬ genetic background. This is in contrast to the single deletion cryA⌬ strain, which does not show increased sensitivity toward UV-induced damage. In A. nidulans, cryA encodes a novel type of cryptochrome/photolyase that exhibits a regulatory function during light-dependent development and DNA repair activity. This represents a paradigm for the evolutionary transition between photolyases and cryptochromes. INTRODUCTIONCryptochromes (CRYs) are blue-light receptors that regulate growth, development, and the circadian clock in higher eukaryotes and that are believed to have evolved from the DNA photolyase protein family (Daiyasu et al., 2004;Lin and Todo, 2005). Photolyases, in contrast, repair UV-induced DNA damage by using a mechanism referred to as photorepair. They absorb light in the blue spectrum and transfer an excited electron from the cofactor FAD to an enzyme-bound cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which is thereby cleaved (Sancar, 1990(Sancar, , 1994Sancar, 1994). Cryptochromes are characterized by an N-terminal photolyase-related (PHR) region without significant photorepair activity and by a C-terminal domain of varying length, which is absent in members of the CRY-DASH subfamily (Daiyasu et al., 2004). The exact function of the CRY-DASH proteins was elusive; however, recent data imply that they are actually photolyases that specifically repair CPDs in single-stranded DNA (Selby and Sancar, 2006). The PHR domain is the most conserved region of the CRY proteins and contains the cofactor FAD required for electron transfer reactions. In Xenopus and Drosophila, the PHR domain is physiologically active even in the absence of the C-terminal domain. The C-terminal domain is important for either localization or protein stability, and its expression in Arabidopsis results in constitutive growth (Lin and Todo, 2005). Plant CRYs are phosphorylated under illumination, and gene expression control ranges from protein interactions to direct chromatin interactions (Shalitin et al....

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Identification of cryptochrome DASH from vertebrates

Cited by 103 publications

References 54 publications

Photobiological effects of UVA and UVB light in zebrafish embryos: Evidence for a competent photorepair system

Photobiological effects of UVA and UVB light in zebrafish embryos: Evidence for a competent photorepair system

A Common Origin: Signaling Similarities in the Regulation of the Circadian Clock and DNA Damage Responses

More Than a Repair Enzyme:Aspergillus nidulansPhotolyase-like CryA Is a Regulator of Sexual Development

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