Identification of differentially regulated maize proteins conditioning Sugarcane mosaic virus systemic infection

Abstract

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is the most important cause of maize dwarf mosaic disease. To identify maize genes responsive to SCMV infection and that may be involved in pathogenesis, a comparative proteomic analysis was performed using the first and second systemically infected leaves (termed 1 SL and 2 SL, respectively). Seventy-one differentially expressed proteins were identified in 1 SL and 2 SL upon SCMV infection. Among them, eight proteins showed the same changing patterns in both 1 SL and 2 SL. Functional annotations of regulated proteins and measurement of photosynthetic activity revealed that photosynthesis was more inhibited and defensive gene expression more pronounced in 1 SL than in 2 SL. Knockdown of regulated proteins in both 1 SL and 2 SL by a brome mosaic virus-based gene silencing vector in maize indicated that protein disulfide isomerase-like and phosphoglycerate kinase were required for optimal SCMV replication. By contrast, knockdown of polyamine oxidase (ZmPAO) significantly increased SCMV accumulation, implying that ZmPAO activity might contribute to resistance or tolerance. The results suggest that combining comparative proteomic analyses of different tissues and virus-induced gene silencing is an efficient way to identify host proteins supporting virus replication or enhancing resistance to virus infection.

Maize phenylalanine ammonia‐lyases contribute to resistance to Sugarcane mosaic virus infection, most likely through positive regulation of salicylic acid accumulation

“…We used the Brome mosaic virus (BMV)‐derived virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector to knockdown ZmPAL transcript accumulation. BMV‐VIGS has been used successfully to decrease expression of specific maize genes for interaction studies of maize with fungal and viral pathogens (Cao et al ., ; Chen et al ., , ; van der Linde et al ., , ; Zhu et al ., ). Since the ten putative ZmPAL genes share high nucleotide sequence identity (Fig.…”

“…Maize ( Z. mays L. inbred lines B73 and Va35) and N. benthamiana Domin. plants were grown in growth chambers set at 24/22 °C (day/night) with a 16/8 h (light/dark) photoperiod as described previously (Chen et al ., ). SCMV‐BJ was propagated in maize plants and homogenates from SCMV‐infected maize leaves were used to inoculate the first true leaf of 8‐day‐old maize seedlings as described (Cao et al ., ; Zhu et al ., ).…”

“…For instance, several maize proteins have been identified that interact directly with SCMV‐encoded proteins (Chen et al ., ; Cheng et al ., ; Zhu et al ., ). Gene and protein expression profiling have also been conducted to elucidate the response of maize to SCMV infection (Chen et al ., ; Shi et al ., , ; Uzarowska et al ., ; Wu et al ., ). However, until now, only two maize proteins (polyamine oxidase and violaxanthin deepoxidase protein) have been shown to improve resistance to SCMV (Chen et al ., , ).…”

“…Gene and protein expression profiling have also been conducted to elucidate the response of maize to SCMV infection (Chen et al ., ; Shi et al ., , ; Uzarowska et al ., ; Wu et al ., ). However, until now, only two maize proteins (polyamine oxidase and violaxanthin deepoxidase protein) have been shown to improve resistance to SCMV (Chen et al ., , ). Thus, further studies of maize resistance to SCMV are required.…”

A Violaxanthin Deepoxidase Interacts with a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing to Inhibit Virus Amplification

“…However, infections with SCMV or some other viruses are known to alter the transcript levels of nuclear genes encoding chloroplastlocalized proteins (Yang et al, 2007;Cheng et al, 2008;Mochizuki et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2017). Meanwhile, the modified transcript levels of particular host chloroplast proteins are reported to alter the accumulation of viruses.…”