Identification of haplotypes of the chicken major histocompatibility complex (B)

Briles, W. E.; Briles, R. W.

doi:10.1007/bf00345904

Cited by 139 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Yet, the level of selection on individual alleles is higher in the chicken compared to the mammals, that have many highly expressed MHC class I and II genes. There are over 28 MHC haplotypes in chickens distinguished by serology [12]. Each haplotype expresses one dominant class I MHC molecule with a different level of expression [67].…”

Section: Mhc Diversity and Its Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological basis of differences in disease resistance in the chicken

Zekarias

Huurne²,

Landman

et al. 2002

Vet. Res.

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-Genetic resistance to diseases is a multigenic trait governed mainly by the immune system and its interactions with many physiologic and environmental factors. In the adaptive immunity, T cell and B cell responses, the specific recognition of antigens and interactions between antigen presenting cells, T cells and B cells are crucial. It occurs through a network of mediator proteins such as the molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptors, immunoglobulins and secreted proteins such as the cytokines and antibodies. The diversity of these proteins that mainly is due to an intrinsic polymorphism of the genes causes phenotypic variation in disease resistance. The well-known linkage of MHC polymorphism and Marek's disease resistance difference represents a classic model revealing immunological factors in resistance differences and diversity of mediator molecules. The molecular bases in any resistance variation to infectious pathogens are vaguely understood. This paper presents a review of the major immune mediators involved in resistance and susceptibility to infectious diseases and their functional mechanisms in the chicken. The genetic interaction of disease resistance with production traits and the environment is mentioned. et les interactions entre les cellules présentant des antigènes, les cellules T et B, sont cruciales. Cela se produit à travers un réseau de protéines médiatrices telles que les molécules du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité (CMH), les récepteurs des cellules T, les immunoglobulines et les protéines sé-crétées telles que les cytokines et les anticorps. La diversité de ces protéines, qui est surtout due au polymorphisme intrinsèque des gènes, entraîne une variation phénotypique dans la résistance aux maladies. Le lien bien connu entre le polymorphisme du CMH et les différences dans la résistance à la maladie de Marek représente un modèle classique révélant les facteurs immunologiques dans les différences de résistance et la diversité dans les molécules médiatrices. Les bases moléculaires impliquées dans toute variation de résistance aux pathogènes infectieux sont à peu près comprises. Cet article présente une synthèse sur les principaux médiateurs de l'immunité impliqués dans la résis-tance et la sensibilité aux maladies infectieuses chez le poulet et leurs mécanismes fonctionnels. L'interaction génétique entre la résistance aux maladies et les traits de production et l'environnement est mentionnée.

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Section: Mhc Diversity and Its Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological basis of differences in disease resistance in the chicken

Zekarias

Huurne²,

Landman

et al. 2002

Vet. Res.

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“…Although MHC class I genes were not specifically "sequenced", a part of genomic DNA (XP_002186567) seems to be a class I antigen ( Table 1). In addition, this zebra finch outlined genome shows how different chicken chromosomes [7] are from zebra finch's: many more gene placements than expected are rearranged, or in other words, they are found in different chromosome or linkage groups. This further stresses the large difference in genetic homology between two types of birds: a galliform (chicken [16]) and a Passerine or songbird (zebra finch [16]).…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The MHC locus [7] was first defined in chicken [8,9], in particular the highly consanguineous variety 'Leghorn' [4,10]. The chicken's MHC genetic region is considerably smaller than that of mammals -remarkably it has shorter introns [4,11]-, and is organized quite differently [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Songbirds Conserved Sites and Intron Size of MHC Class I Molecules Reveal a Unique Evolution in Vertebrates

Arnaiz‐Villena¹,

Ruíz-del-Valle²,

Reche³

et al. 2010

TOOENIJ

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Birds are considered dinosaurs that passed the 65 million years ago bottleneck. Songbirds (Passeriformes) include about half extant bird species (about 5000) and are generally the most air-thriving bird species, concordantly with their small size. Mayor Histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules stimulate immune responses against microbes and its class I molecules have seven conserved residues in all vertebrates from jawed-fishes, 300 million years ago, to humans, including chickens.All wild songbird species tested by us (n=18) and others (n= 2) differ in α1 domain residue 10 and α2 residue 96 from all other vertebrates. Amplification, cloning and sequencing were performed by standard methods. Sequences alignment were done by using PAUP and MEGA programs software. Crystallographic studies were performed by using mammal and bird MHC molecules from MPID database and other sources and showed that these changes did not significantly vary the MHC class I molecule stability in songbirds.Further α1 and α2 domain comparisons by simple Composition Distances and Bayesian Inference showed that songbirds overall MHC class I molecules are phylogenetically more separated from mammal than other birds molecules. In addition MHC class I introns from Passeriformes (songbirds) were found to be longer than humans, chicken introns being the shortest ones.These small mainly air-borne dinosaurs (Passeriformes) have undergone a different evolutive pathway, regarding to MHC, than all other tested vertebrates and more terrestrial birds. This may have been originated by an altogether different dinosaurs linage origin or to adaptation to more aerial than terrestrial environment or other unknown cause. In any case, the specific changes observed in this work for class I molecules in songbirds have reached a entropic, stable solution similar to that reached by other vertebrates.

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“…The single NOR contains about 145 copies of the rRNA gene, occupying some 50-70% of this microchromosome (12). MHC class I, II, and IV (B-G) genes have been detected on this microchromosome (13)(14)(15) (16) or molecular genotyping (17).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…possible chromosomal assignment of Rfp-Y became apparent in a study of the Cornell Trisomic strain of chickens; a strain trisomic for chromosome 16, the microchromosome bearing the B system of histocompatibility and the single nucleolar organizer region (NOR) in the chicken genome (7). Enhancement of the intensity of the restriction fragments associated with Rfp-Y in aneuploid members of the Cornell Trisomic strain suggested that Rfp-Y might be located on chromosome 16 even though no assignment was evident in conventional linkage tests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%