Identification of lipophilic components in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium cultivars by supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

To systematically identify the lipophilic constituents of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from different cultivars, supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry were integrated for the component analysis of 18 batches of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from 12 cultivars for the first time. A total of 57 components from the supercritical CO2 fluid extracts were demonstrably or tentatively identified by the obtained parent peaks, fragment peaks, and retention times. In total, two flavonoids, six organic acids, nine coumarins, three aldehydes, seven esters, three terpenes, one limonoid, and five other compounds were detected for the first time; notably, coumarin components have not yet been reported in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Furthermore, the extract constituents differed between cultivars. In particular, organic acids were more abundant in Citrus reticulata “Chachi” than in other cultivars, and pterostilbene was exclusively found in Citrus reticulata “Yichangju”. The results showed that a greater variety of compounds in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium could be extracted by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and detected by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. This study provides a more scientific basis for further analysis of the pharmacological activity and quality of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium components from different cultivars.

A Traditional Chinese Herb Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Induced Melanonychia

“…The color of CRP is mainly composed of naringin (a kind of flavonoids) and carotenoids. 6 , 7 Generally, the pericarp contains natural pigment which can stain the surface of human skin, but the pigment can be disappeared after cleaning or scratching. In this case, the patient suffered blackish pigmentation on the toenails after using CRP solution which could not be removed after cleaning or scratching with alcohol cotton ball or razor blade.…”

Dynamic variation of the phytochemical and volatile compounds in the pericarp ofCitrus reticulata‘‘Chachi’’ (Rutaceae) during 2 years of storage

“…On the contrary, Fu et al (2017) suggested that the content of TFs in CRCP decreased during storage. The chemical content of CRCP was correlated with the originated place, drying method, storage environment, microbial quantity, and other factors (He et al, 2019;Li et al, 2020;Zheng, Liu et al, 2020). Therefore, the differences among samples may lead to inconsistencies in reported results.…”

“…However, most of the medicinal herbs used in the reported literature were purchased from markets. It is difficult to keep the unified quality of commercial CRCP due to several factors, such as the tree age, original place, harvested period, drying process, and storage environment (Luo et al, 2018;Zheng et al, 2021;Zheng, Liu et al, 2020). In addition, previous studies primarily focused on fully matured CRCP, whereas only few studies applied CRCP harvested at other stages for storage research.…”

Characterization of chemical profile and quantification of major representative components of Wendan decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula

“…BCT is enriched with flavonoids, polyphenols and organic acids, and its pharmacological action is mainly anti-oxidation [9]. The flavonoids, alkaloids and coumarins are the common constituents in AFI [10,[11][12][13] and CRP [10,14], in which the flavonoids exhibit the anti-atherosclerosis effect [15]. Furthermore, the pungent phytochemicals and diarylheptanoids are the principal components in ZRR [16,17] with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiemetic effects [18].…”