Identification of organic compounds migrating from polyethylene pipelines into drinking water

Brocca, Daniela; Arvin, Erik; Mosbæk, Hans

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00084-2

Cited by 161 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1 These chemicals are largely used in rubber, elastomers, plastic, cosmetic formulations, pharmaceuticals, and food applications to retard the oxidation process. 2,3 It was reported that 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), which is the most frequently used SPA, was added in various kinds of finished food and more than 1700 cosmetic formulations with contents up to 0.5%.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants and Major Metabolites in Municipal Sewage Sludge in China

Liu

Song

Lin

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

101

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Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are one group of widely used additive chemicals, which have not yet had focused attention except for a few compounds such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT). In this study, the occurrence and composition profiles of 12 frequently used SPAs and three BHT metabolites were investigated in fifty-six sludge samples collected from individual wastewater treatment plants in China. Eleven SPAs were positively found in the sludge samples, in which, to our knowledge, eight SPA compounds were identified for the first time in the environment. BHT, 4-tert-octylphenol (4-tOP), and 2,4,6-tri-tert-bultylphenol (AO 246) were the most dominant SPAs in the sludge at mean concentrations of 4.14 μg/g, 374 ng/g, and 98.1 ng/g d.w. (dry weight). Meanwhile, three BHT metabolites, including 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (BHT-CHO), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (BHT-Q), and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone (BHT-quinol), were also found in most of the samples (>98.2%) with mean concentrations of 141, 562, and 225 ng/g d.w., respectively. The activated sludge system (anaerobic, anoxic, and oxic tanks) of a wastewater treatment plant was further investigated for the removal efficiencies of the SPAs. High removal efficiencies (80.1−89.2%) were found for the six detected SPAs in the aqueous phase, while generation of large proportions of the three BHT metabolites was also observed.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants and Major Metabolites in Municipal Sewage Sludge in China

Liu

Song

Lin

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

101

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“…In the past decade, however, some concerns emerged on their possible negative effect on human health [21]. Natural antioxidants could be ideal candidates to replace synthetic phenolic stabilizers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Competitive interactions and controlled release of a natural antioxidant from halloysite nanotubes

Hári

Gyürki

Sárközi

et al. 2016

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Halloysite nanotubes used as potential carrier material for a controlled release stabilizer in polyethylene were thoroughly characterized with several techniques including the measurement of specific surface area, pore volume and surface energy. The high surface energy of the halloysite results in the strong bonding of the additive to the surface.Dissolution experiments carried out with eight different solvents for the determination of the effect of solvent characteristics on the amount of irreversibly bonded quercetin proved that adsorption and dissolution depend on competitive interactions prevailing in the system. Solvents with low polarity dissolve only surplus quercetin adsorbed in multilayers.Polyethylene is a very apolar polymer forming weak interactions with every substance; quercetin dissolves into it only above a critical concentration. Stabilization experiments confirmed that strong adhesion prevents dissolution and results in limited stabilization efficiency. At larger adsorbed amounts better stability and extended effect were measured indicating dissolution and controlled release.

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“…Unfortunately, approximately a decade ago, concerns arose about the possible health hazard of using synthetic phenolic antioxidants [20], but no viable substitute has been found yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of an active molecule on the surface of halloysite for controlled release application: Interaction, orientation, consequences

Hári

Polyák

Mester

et al. 2016

Applied Clay Science

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The goal of the study was to check the possible use of halloysite nanotubes as a controlled release natural antioxidant device with quercetin as the active component. The mineral was thoroughly characterized by various techniques including the determination of particle and tube morphology, specific surface area, pore size and volume, as well as surface energy. The high surface energy of halloysite predicted strong adsorption of active molecules on its surface and consequently difficult release. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the existence of strong interactions, energetically heterogeneous halloysite surface and multilayer coverage at large loadings. FTIR and XRD experiments proved the complete lack of intercalation and showed that below 3.5 wt% quercetin loading, most of the molecules are located within the halloysite tubes. Molecular modelling indicated the parallel orientation of quercetin molecules with the surface. Critical concentrations derived from various measurements agreed well with each other further confirming that up to about 4.0 wt% loading, quercetin is bonded very strongly to the halloysite surface. As a consequence, the dissolution of active molecules is very difficult or impossible, especially into apolar media, thus neither stabilization nor controlled release effect can be expected below that concentration.

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Identification of organic compounds migrating from polyethylene pipelines into drinking water

Cited by 161 publications

References 7 publications

Occurrence of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants and Major Metabolites in Municipal Sewage Sludge in China

Occurrence of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants and Major Metabolites in Municipal Sewage Sludge in China

Competitive interactions and controlled release of a natural antioxidant from halloysite nanotubes

Adsorption of an active molecule on the surface of halloysite for controlled release application: Interaction, orientation, consequences

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