Identification of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium and susceptibility studies with newly developed antimicrobial agents

Kim, M J; Weiser, Mary Ann; Gottschall, S; Randall, Eileen L.

doi:10.1128/jcm.25.5.787-790.1987

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…High-level penicillin and ampicillin resistance in non-,-lactamase-producing enterococci, however, has still been very unusual. Most of the enterococcal clinical isolates have been susceptible to 4 ,ug of ampicillin per ml and 8 ,ug of penicillin G per ml (13,14,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococci highly resistant to penicillin and ampicillin: an emerging clinical problem?

et al. 1989

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Sixteen clinical isolates of ampicillin-resistant enterococci (ARE) were recovered from the microbiology laboratory of a 450-bed rehabilitation medical center from January 1981 to September 1987. These isolates were detected when a disk diffusion test using 10 ,ug of ampicillin on a blood agar plate revealed no zones of inhibition. Tube macrodilution tests yielded an MIC of .16 ,ig of ampicillin per ml. None of the isolates were penicillinase producers by the chromogenic cephalosporin disk test. Ten isolates were Enterococcus faecium, four isolates were E. raffinosus, one isolate was E. gallinarum, and one isolate was not identified (lost). There were 6 male and 10 female patients. The sources of isolates were urine (n = 7), wound (n = 5), ascitic fluid (n = 2), blood (n = 2), peritoneal catheter tip (n = 1), Bartholin's cyst abscess (n = 1), rectal swab (n = 2), and pancreatic abscess (n = 1). The organism was isolated from multiple sites in 4 patients, was a pure culture isolate in 5 patients, and was part of a polymicrobial fora in 11 patients. Six patients were diabetic, and four had liver cirrhosis. All but four patients had received at least one antibiotic within 3 weeks of ARE isolation. The MICs (micrograms per milliliter) for 50 and 90% of isolates tested, respectively, were as follows:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococci highly resistant to penicillin and ampicillin: an emerging clinical problem?

et al. 1989

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“…Confirmation of the identity of organisms in the event that biochemical reactions are equivocal is sometimes needed. Several systems for identification of gram-positive cocci are commercially available (2,6,11,(16)(17)(18)24), but many are unable to recognize some of the more recently described enterococcal species because of phenotypic similarities among these strains (5,13,14,23,29). Standardized automated methods provide accurate species identification of the majority of isolates but have lacked reliability for identification of some strains (23,29).…”

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DNA hybridization and contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis for identification of enterococci to the species level

et al. 1995

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In this study, 113 Enterococcus faecium, 37 Enterococcus faecalis, 24 Enterococcus gallinarum, 15 Enterococcus raffinosus, and 13 Enterococcus casseliflavus clinical isolates and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains were evaluated by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis. Thirty-one of the E. faecium, 22 of the E. faecalis, 24 of the E. gallinarum, 15 of the E. raffinosus, and 13 of the E. casseliflavus isolates were also evaluated by DNA-DNA hybridization. Genomic DNAs from type strains E. faecalis ATCC 19433, E. faecium ATCC 19434, E. gallinarum ATCC 49573, E. raffinosus ATCC 49427, and E. casseliflavus ATCC 25788 were labeled with biotin for use as probes. E. faecalis differed from all other species in always having a largest fragment of >400 kb. E. gallinarum was different from all other species in having all SmaI fragments of <200 kb. Biotin-labeled probes showed a high degree of hybridization with genomic DNA from the same species and a low degree of hybridization when hybridized to genomic DNA from different species for all isolates tested except for four isolates identified as E. faecium by conventional biochemical methods. The DNA from these four isolates hybridized strongly to DNA from E. gallinarum ATCC 49573 and weakly to E. faecium ATCC 19434 DNA and had all SmaI fragments of <200 kb in size. These data suggest that these isolates are nonmotile E. gallinarum. DNA from each ATCC type strain hybridized strongly with itself and had only a low degree of hybridization with DNA from other ATCC type strains tested. These results suggest that contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis patterns and DNA-DNA hybridization with biotin-labeled probes may be of use for species differentiation of some enterococci.

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“…Vancomycin-resistant strains have also been identified (8). Identification of the species of an enterococcus isolate is also clinically relevant since E. faecium is more resistant than E. faecalis to the more commonly used antimicrobial agents (10,11).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several systems for identification of gram-positive cocci are commercially available (1,2,6,7,10). MicroScan (Baxter Healthcare Corp., West Sacramento, Calif.) has developed a microdilution system which simultaneously provides identification of gram-positive cocci and antimicrobial agent susceptibility results.…”

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Evaluation of MicroScan for identification of Enterococcus species

1990

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Emerging drug resistance of the enterococci necessitates differentiation from group D streptococci and accurate species identification. MicroScan (Baxter Healthcare Corp., West Sacramento, Calif.) has recently developed a microdilution system for identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of gram-positive cocci. To evaluate the ability of this system to identify Enterococcus species, 100 isolates identified as enterococci by MicroScan were tested by conventional media and 60 isolates of streptococci were tested by MicroScan. Incubation times for conventional and MicroScan methods were 96 and 18 to 24 h, respectively. For 94 strains of enterococci (77 Enterococcusfaecalis, 14 Enterococcusfaecium, and 3 Enterococcus durans), identification by conventional media and MicroScan agreed. Of the remaining six isolates, four were identified as E. faecalis and two were identified as E. durans by MicroScan, whereas by conventional media the four E. faecalis isolates were identified as Enterococcus solitarius and the two E. durans isolates were identified as Enterococcus hirae. None of the 60 streptococci were identified as enterococci. MicroScan is a reliable method for identification of the commonly encountered enterococcal species E. faecalis and E. faecium; however, modifications of the system are necessary for identification of other Enterococcus species.

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Identification of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium and susceptibility studies with newly developed antimicrobial agents

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Enterococci highly resistant to penicillin and ampicillin: an emerging clinical problem?

Enterococci highly resistant to penicillin and ampicillin: an emerging clinical problem?

DNA hybridization and contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis for identification of enterococci to the species level

Evaluation of MicroScan for identification of Enterococcus species

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