Identification of the teleost Edinger-Westphal nucleus by retrograde horseradish peroxidase labeling and by electrophysiological criteria

Wathey, John C.

doi:10.1007/bf00612516

Cited by 13 publications

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“…Although putative homologues of EW have been proposed for many other vertebrate groups, the midbrain neurons presynaptic to the ciliary ganglion have been identified by modern experimental techniques in only a few non-primate species (for review see ref. 21). In some of these species the connections of EW were shown to be more complex than previously assumed.…”

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“…A homologue of EW was recently identified for the first time in teleost fishes (kelp bass and sand bass) by retrograde labeling from the ciliary ganglion [21], but the possible existence of efferents from this nucleus to the cerebellum was not investigated. The present study was undertaken to address this question.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It was prompted in part by the recent discovery of a small group of cerebellar-projecting neurons near the oculomotor nucleus in the goldfish and in the green sunfish [22]. These cells are similar in location and appearance to the preganglionic EW neurons of the kelp bass and sand bass [21]. We used a double-labeling technique to determine whether or not single EW neurons innervate both the ciliary ganglion and the cerebellum in goldfish and kelp bass.…”

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“…In each case the oculomotor nerve and ciliary ganglion were exposed on one side by enucleation of the eye, using the method of Springer and Prokosch [18]. In one kelp bass case, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (Sigma L2384) was applied to the ganglion as described elsewhere [21], and about 1/zl of 10% Fiuoro-Gold [15] was injected into the ipsilateral cerebellar corpus. In the remaining 5 kelp bass and in all goldfish cases, HRP (Sigma VI) was injected unilaterally into the cerebellar corpus by pin injections (for details see ref.…”

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“…The animals were deeply anesthetized and perfused transcardially with teleost Ringer's solution, followed by 4% buffered paraformaldehyde fixative (see ref. 21 for further details of histological processing). Brains were sectioned on a cryostat at 40/am (kelp bass) or 30/am section thickness (goldfish).…”

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A double-label study of efferent projections from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in goldfish and kelp bass

Wathey

Wullimann

1988

Neuroscience Letters

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The Edinger-Westphal nucleus in goldfish was identified by retrograde labeling from the ciliary ganglion. In the same animals a few neurons near this nucleus (perinuclear Edinger-Westphal neurons) were labeled by a different retrograde tracer injected into the cerebellum. No double-labeled cells were found. Similar results were obtained in kelp bass, except that in this species no cerebellar-projecting perinuclear neurons were observed. Cerebellar-projecting Edinger-Westphal neurons have previously been described in some mammals, but not in other vertebrates. Therefore the homology of cerebellar-projecting cells of the Edinger-Westphal region in mammals and teleost fishes is doubtful.The Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) of primates is a midbrain cell group that controls ocular accommodation and the pupillary reflex via a synapse in the ciliary ganglion [l, 2, 5, 16]. Although putative homologues of EW have been proposed for many other vertebrate groups, the midbrain neurons presynaptic to the ciliary ganglion have been identified by modern experimental techniques in only a few non-primate species (for review see ref. 21). In some of these species the connections of EW were shown to be more complex than previously assumed. For example, in cats [ll, 20] and rabbits [7], most of the preganglionic neurons lie outside of EW (as classically defined by descriptive anatomy). Furthermore, recent experiments have shown that many EW cells project to the spinal cord, cerebellum and other lower brainstem structures in several primates [24,16], and non-primate mammals [8][9][10][11][12]. The functions of these efferent pathways, and their relationship (if any) to the preganglionic pathway, are not fully understood.

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A double-label study of efferent projections from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in goldfish and kelp bass

Wathey

Wullimann

1988

Neuroscience Letters

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Distribution of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) immunoreactivity in the brain of the zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Dı́az

Becerra

Manso

et al. 2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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The distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the brain of the adult zebrafish was studied with immunohistochemical techniques. In the telencephalon, abundant TRH-immunoreactive (TRHir) neurons were observed in the central, ventral, and supra- and postcommissural regions of the ventral telencephalic area. In the diencephalon, TRHir neurons were observed in the anterior parvocellular preoptic nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, the rostral parts of the anterior tuberal nucleus and torus lateralis, and the posterior tuberal nucleus. Some TRHir neurons were also observed in the central posterior thalamic nucleus and in the habenula. The mesencephalon contained TRHir cells in the rostrodorsal tegmentum, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, the torus semicircularis, and the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Further TRHir neurons were observed in the interpeduncular nucleus. In the rhombencephalon, TRHir cells were observed in the nucleus isthmi and the locus coeruleus, rostrally, and in the vagal lobe and vagal motor nucleus, caudally. In the forebrain, TRHir fibers were abundant in several regions, including the medial and caudodorsal parts of the dorsal telencephalic area, the ventral and commissural parts of the ventral telencephalic area, the preoptic area, the posterior tubercle, the anterior tuberal nucleus, and the posterior hypothalamic lobe. The dorsal thalamus exhibited moderate TRHir innervation. In the mesencephalon, the optic tectum received a rich TRHir innervation between the periventricular gray zone and the stratum griseum centrale. A conspicuous TRHir longitudinal tract traversed the tegmentum and extended to the rhombencephalon. The medial and lateral mesencephalic reticular areas and the interpeduncular nucleus were richly innervated by TRHir fibers. In the rhombencephalon, the secondary gustatory nucleus received abundant TRHir fibers. TRHir fibers moderately innervated the ventrolateral and ventromedial reticular area and richly innervated the vagal lobe and Cajal's commissural nucleus. Some TRHir fibers coursed in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. Some TRHir amacrine cells were observed in the retina. The wide distribution of TRHir neurons and fibers observed in the zebrafish brain suggests that TRH plays different roles. These results in the adult zebrafish reveal a number of differences with respect to the TRHir systems reported in other adult teleosts but were similar to those found during late developmental stages of trout (Díaz et al., 2001).

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Ontogeny of the cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) neuropeptide system in the brain of zebrafish, Danio rerio

Mukherjee¹,

Subhedar²,

Ghose³

2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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The cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptidergic system is involved in processing diverse neuronal functions in adult animals, including energy metabolism. Although CART is widely distributed in the brain of a range of vertebrates, the ontogeny of this system has not been explored. The CART-immunoreactive system in the zebrafish central nervous system (CNS) was studied across developmental stages until adulthood. The peptide is expressed as early as 24 hours post fertilization and establishes itself in several discrete areas of the brain and spinal cord as development progresses. The trends in CART ontogeny suggest that it may be involved in the establishment of commissural tracts, typically expressing early but subsequently decaying. CART elements are commonly overrepresented in diverse sensory areas like the olfactory, photic, and acoustico-mechanosensory systems, perhaps indicating a role for the peptide in sensory perception. Key neuroendocrine centers, like the preoptic area, hypothalamus, and pituitary, conspicuously show CART innervations, suggesting functions analogous to those demonstrated in other chordates. Uniquely, the epiphysis also appears to employ CART as a neurotransmitter. The entopeduncular nucleus is a major CART-containing group in the adult teleost forebrain that may participate in glucose sensing. This region responds to glucose in the 15-day larvae, suggesting that the energy status sensing CART circuits is active early in development. The pattern of CART expression in zebrafish suggests conserved evolutionary trends among vertebrate species. Developmental expression profiling reveals putative novel functions and establishes zebrafish as a model to investigate CART function in physiology and development.

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Identification of the teleost Edinger-Westphal nucleus by retrograde horseradish peroxidase labeling and by electrophysiological criteria

Cited by 13 publications

References 84 publications

A double-label study of efferent projections from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in goldfish and kelp bass

A double-label study of efferent projections from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in goldfish and kelp bass

Distribution of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) immunoreactivity in the brain of the zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Ontogeny of the cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) neuropeptide system in the brain of zebrafish, Danio rerio

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