Identification of transformation products of carbamazepine in lettuce crops irrigated with Ultraviolet-C treated water

Martínez-Piernas, Ana B.; Nahim–Granados, Samira; Polo-López, María Inmaculada; Fernández‐Ibáñez, Pilar; Murgolo, Sapia; Mascolo, G.; Agüera, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.001

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This step is catalyzed by epoxide hydrolase enzymes [33]. A recent study reported further metabolism of 10,11dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-carbamazepine through hydroxylation of the benzene ring [32]. 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-carbamazepine was identified in root and rhizome extracts in both incubation concentrations, as shown in Table S3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The 10,11-diOH pathway (PCM) has been investigated comprehensively in plants like cucumber, tomato, sweet potato, lettuce, carrot and horseradish [28,31]. The main transformed product is carbamazepine-10,11epoxide (Martínez-Piernas et al, 2019), which has been identified in leaf, rhizome and root in both incubations levels 10 and 50 µM, as shown in Table S3 [32]. This is the first oxidation step, which was observed in different organisms from bacteria and fungi to mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untargeted Metabolomics Studies on Drug-Incubated Phragmites australis Profiles

et al. 2020

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Plants produce a huge number of functionally and chemically different natural products that play an important role in linking the plant with the adjacent environment. Plants can also absorb and transform external organic compounds (xenobiotics). Currently there are only a few studies concerning the effects of xenobiotics and their transformation products on plant metabolites using a mass spectrometric untargeted screening strategy. This study was designed to investigate the changes of the Phragmites australis metabolome following/after diclofenac or carbamazepine incubation, using a serial coupling of reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) combined with accurate high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). An untargeted screening strategy of metabolic fingerprints was developed to purposefully compare samples from differently treated P. australis plants, revealing that P. australis responded to each drug differently. When solvents with significantly different polarities were used, the metabolic profiles of P. australis were found to change significantly. For instance, the production of polyphenols (such as quercetin) in the plant increased after diclofenac incubation. Moreover, the pathway of unsaturated organic acids became more prominent, eventually as a reaction to protect the cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, P. australis exhibited an adaptive mechanism to cope with each drug. Consequently, the untargeted screening approach is essential for understanding the complex response of plants to xenobiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untargeted Metabolomics Studies on Drug-Incubated Phragmites australis Profiles

et al. 2020

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“…Jacobsen and coworker [58] used QqQ for the analysis of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine, erythromycin, and tylosin (TYL) and its degradation products, TYL A, B, C, and D, from soil, obtaining low detection and quantification limits (from 0.6 to 5.6 g/kg and from 25.7 to 73.9 g/kg, respectively). Martínez-Piernas and coworkers [155] used QTOF for the analysis of carbamazepine transformation products from lettuce obtaining detection limits less than 3 ng/g in dry weight samples.…”

Section: Separation and Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They provide highresolution and accurate masses for parent and fragment ions in full-scan spectra. Accordingly, they remove the interfering signals, making it easier to identify the non-target compounds in complex environmental and food matrices [155,200]. Orbitrap was used by Chitescu and coworkers [74], for the extraction of oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and ketoconazole from grass, obtaining detection limits lower than 10 μg/kg.…”

Section: Separation and Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Methods for the Determination of PhACs in Soil/Earthworm/Crop System Irrigated with Reclaimed Water

Manasfi

Labad

Montemurro

2020

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Pharmaceuticals have been becoming a major concern of environmental pollution since the beginning of the century. The ways in which these contaminants are introduced into the environment are very different, but almost always associated with wastewater. In fact, current wastewater treatment plants are not designed for the removal of pharmaceutical products. Indeed, the problem of water scarcity has played an important role in the introduction of pharmaceutical products into the environment, particularly in the agricultural sector. Because of the drought, more and more countries are resorting to the use of treated wastewater to irrigate vegetables for human consumption. Consequently, the reuse of wastewater in agriculture constitutes a continuous introduction of these molecules into the soil. The effects of this practice are not entirely clear. However, the probability that these compounds can enter the food chain directly is high. In fact, through radical absorption, plants could uptake pharmaceuticals from soil and water, leading to the accumulation of drugs in the tissues. The development of analytical methods of solid matrices such as soil or plant tissues requires substantial work due to the great complexity of the matrices and the differences between the physico-chemical properties of analytes of interest. Several multi-class methods have recently been developed to determine a large number of pharmaceutical products in soil or plants using different extraction techniques. This chapter addresses to list all the analytical procedures published so far used for the extraction and analysis of pharmaceutical products from plant tissues and from the soil irrigated with treated wastewater.

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“…Lastly, carbamazepine, which is among the extensive list of drugs reported in the literature, is possibly the most frequently studied due to its characteristics of persistence in the environment. Other studies have investigated ibuprofen, naproxen, and gemfibrozil, which are analyzed in the present research [50][51][52].…”

Section: Estimation On Human Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

Chávez-Mejía

Navarro-González

Magaña-López

et al. 2019

Water

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The aim of the research was to show the presence of micropollutants contained in the wastewater of Mexico City within the distribution canals of the Mezquital Valley (MV), as well as their retention in agricultural soil and aquifers. This system constitutes the world's oldest and largest example of the use of untreated wastewater for agricultural irrigation. The artificial recharge associated with the MV aquifers, with groundwater extracted for human consumption showing its importance as a water resource for Mexico City. The results of sampling show the presence of 18 compounds, with 10 of these considered as endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). The concentration of these pollutants ranged from 2 ng/L for 17 β-estradiol to 99 ng/L for DEHP, with these values decreasing throughout the course of the canals due to the wastewater dilution factor, their retention in agricultural soil, and their accumulation in the local aquifer. The main mechanisms involved in natural attenuation are adsorption, filtration, and biodegradation. Drinking water equivalent levels (DWELs) were estimated for 11 compounds with regard to acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), by assuming local exposure parameters for a rural Mexican population. These were compared with the maximum groundwater concentrations (Cgw) to screen the potential risks. The very low ratios of Cgw to DWELs indicate no appreciable human health risk from the presence of trace concentrations of these compounds in the source of drinking water in the MV. Despite this, far from being exceeded after more than 100 years of irrigation with residual water, the natural soil attenuation seems to remain stable.

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Identification of transformation products of carbamazepine in lettuce crops irrigated with Ultraviolet-C treated water

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

Untargeted Metabolomics Studies on Drug-Incubated Phragmites australis Profiles

Untargeted Metabolomics Studies on Drug-Incubated Phragmites australis Profiles

Development of Methods for the Determination of PhACs in Soil/Earthworm/Crop System Irrigated with Reclaimed Water

Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

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