Identifikasi Risiko Terjadinya Ulkus Diabetik Berbasis Diabetic Foot Screening pada Pasien DM Tipe 2

Abstract

Abstrak Ulkus diabetik adalah komplikasi DM yang paling sering terjadi. Angka mortalitas diabetisi dengan ulkus diabetik juga semakin meningkat, sehingga dibutuhkan strategi pencegahan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko. Tujuan penelitian adalah teridentifikasi diabetisi yang berisiko mengalami ulkus diabetikum berbasis Diabetic Foot Screening di wilayah Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 100 responden. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah multistage random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score (MDNS), Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), Ipswich Touch Test (IpTT) dan Monofilament Test. Alat pengumpulan data berupa ceklist yang telah disesuaikan dengan diabetic foot screening, tensimeter aneroid, dan stetoskop. Penelitian ini dianalisis secara univariat, ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran identifikasi risiko ulkus diabetik berdasarkan nilai neuropathy perifer diabetik, nilai ankle brachial index (ABI), deformitas pada kaki, gangguan mobilisasi, kuku patologis, riwayat ulkus dan amputasi. Diabetisi memiliki risiko ulkus diabetik dengan kategori rendah sebanyak 41 diabetisi (41%), risiko sedang sebanyak 56 diabetisi (56%) dan kategori risiko tinggi sebanyak 2 diabetisi (2%). Diabetisi di Kabupaten Jember memiliki risiko ulkus diabetik. Identifikasi risiko terjadinya ulkus diabetik dibutuhkan oleh diabetisi sebagai rujukan untuk melakukan tindakan preventif agar tidak terjadi perburukan komplikasi dari DM. Kata kunci: diabetic foot screening, DM tipe 2, ulkus diabetik Abstract The most common complication of diabetes is diabetic ulcers. The mortality rate of people with diabetes who have diabetic ulcers is also increasing, prevention strategies to identify risks are required. The study sought to identify diabetics in Jember that were at risk of developing diabetic ulcers. With a sample size of 100 respondents, this study takes a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used is multistage random sampling. The instruments used were Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, Ipswich Touch Test, and Monofilament Test. Data collection are a checklist form that has been adjusted to the diabetic foot screening, aneroid sphygmomanometer, and stethoscope. This was analyzed univariately and displayed as a frequency distribution table. The results provide an overview of ulcer risk identification based on diabetic peripheral neuropathy values, ankle-brachial index values, foot deformities, impaired mobilization, pathological nails, history of ulcers, and amputations. Diabetes patients have a low risk of diabetic ulcers 41 people (41%), a moderate risk 56 people (56%), and a high risk 2 people (2%). Diabetics in Jember are at risk of developing diabetic ulcers. Identifying the risk of diabetic ulcers is necessary for people with diabetes to take prevention. Keywords: diabetic foot screening, DM type 2, diabetic ulcer