Identifying mechanisms for facilitating knowledge to action strategies targeting the built environment

Abstract

BackgroundIn recent years, obesity-related diseases have been on the rise globally resulting in major challenges for health systems and society as a whole. Emerging research in population health suggests that interventions targeting the built environment may help reduce the burden of obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, translation of the evidence on the built environment into effective policy and planning changes requires engagement and collaboration between multiple sectors and government agencies for designing neighborhoods that are more conducive to healthy and active living. In this study, we identified knowledge gaps and other barriers to evidence-based decision-making and policy development related to the built environment; as well as the infrastructure, processes, and mechanisms needed to drive policy changes in this area.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of data collected through consultations with a broad group of stakeholders (N = 42) from Southern Ontario, Canada, within various sectors (public health, urban planning, and transportation) and levels of government (federal, provincial, and municipalities). Relevant themes were classified based on the specific phase of the knowledge-to-action cycle (research, translation, and implementation) in which they were most closely aligned.ResultsWe identified 5 themes including: 1) the need for policy-informed and actionable research (e.g. health economic analyses and policy evaluations); 2) impactful messaging that targets all relevant sectors to create the political will necessary to drive policy change; 3) common measures and tools to increase capacity for monitoring and surveillance of built environment changes; (4) intersectoral collaboration and alignment within and between levels of government to enable collective actions and provide mechanisms for sharing of resources and expertise, (5) aligning public and private sector priorities to generate public demand and support for community action; and, (6) solution-focused implementation of research that will be tailored to meet the needs of policymakers and planners. Additional research priorities and key policy and planning actions were also noted.ConclusionOur research highlights the necessity of involving stakeholders in identifying inter-sectoral solutions to develop and translate actionable research on the built environment into effective policy and planning initiatives.

Understanding the Improvement in Full Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Ethiopia Using Oaxaca–Blinder Decomposition Analysis

“…On the other hand, the compositional change in maternal education between 2000 and 2016 accounts for 6% of the increase in vaccination coverage. Previous studies have documented ANC utilization [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], institutional delivery [ 42 , 43 ], and maternal educational level [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ] as strong predictors of childhood vaccination. Therefore, this might be why the change in the level of these predictors over years has brought an increase in full childhood vaccination coverage in Ethiopia.…”

Erratum to: cluster randomized evaluation of adolescent girls empowerment Programme (AGEP): study protocol

“…After publication of the article [ 1 ], it has been brought to our attention that some of the statistical data presented regarding the DHS data in the second paragraph of the background section is incorrect. The authors would like to note the following changes.…”

Migration and first-year maternal mortality among HIV-positive postpartum women: A population-based longitudinal study in rural South Africa

“…To reflect the scale-up of the ART program among pregnant women, we adjusted for the time period before and after 2010 but still observed a higher rate of mortality among HIV-positive pregnant women, especially those who externally migrated and delivered outside the surveillance area. This may persist despite the scale-up of universal ART and declining trends in maternal mortality [43]. Future studies need to assess the degree of engagement with the healthcare system and retention in care among migrating women living with HIV.…”