Identifying neural correlates of visual consciousness with ALE meta-analyses

Bisenius, Sandrine; Trapp, Sabrina; Neumann, Jane; Schroeter, Matthias L.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.070

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Just as with positive results, an observed null result could indicate a true effect (i.e., no role for striatal dopamine in conscious perception), or it could be due to uncontrolled or unknown factors. Based on the convergent evidence discussed in the introduction implicating the striatum and its irrigation by dopamine in conscious perception (e.g., Bisenius et al, 2015;Slagter et al, 2017;Van Opstal et al, 2014), we predicted that cabergoline would affect performance on the backward masking and attentional blink tasks. Yet, our Bayesian results without exception provided evidence against an effect of 1.5mg cabergoline (all BF incl < .7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In backward masking tasks, processing of target stimuli is interrupted by presenting a mask in close succession to the target (Breitmeyer, 2007). Studies employing fMRI consistently show differences in BOLD activity in the striatum and thalamus between seen and unseen stimuli using backward masking tasks (Bisenius, Trapp, Neumann, & Schroeter, 2015). In another PET study, dopamine D2 binding potential in the right striatum was found to correlate positively with both objective (task performance) and subjective (seen/unseen) visibility during backward masking (Van Opstal et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Conscious perception and the modulatory role of dopamine: no effect of the dopamine D2 agonist cabergoline on visual masking, the attentional blink, and probabilistic discrimination

Boonstra

Schouwenburg

Seth

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Rationale. Conscious perception is thought to depend on global amplification of sensory input. In recent years, striatal dopamine has been proposed to be involved in gating information and conscious access, due to its modulatory influence on thalamocortical connectivity.Objectives. Since much of the evidence that implicates striatal dopamine is correlational, we conducted a double-blind crossover pharmacological study in which we administered cabergoline -a dopamine D2 agonist -and placebo to 30 healthy participants. Under both conditions, we subjected participants to several well-established experimental consciousperception paradigms, such as backward masking and the attentional blink task.Results. We found no evidence in support of an effect of cabergoline on conscious perception: key behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) findings associated with each of these tasks were unaffected by cabergoline. Conclusions.Our results cast doubt on a causal role for dopamine in visual perception. It remains an open possibility that dopamine has causal effects in other tasks, perhaps where perceptual uncertainty is more prominent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Conscious perception and the modulatory role of dopamine: no effect of the dopamine D2 agonist cabergoline on visual masking, the attentional blink, and probabilistic discrimination

Boonstra

Schouwenburg

Seth

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This raises the problem that the electrophysiological correlates of processes that constitute awareness may be confounded with brain activity that is associated with the post-perceptual processes required in reporting perceptual awareness (Tsuchiya et al, 2015). For example, many functional brain imaging studies on visual awareness have revealed that in addition to posterior cortical areas, also frontal activation correlates with visual awareness (Naghavi & Nyberg, 2005;Bisenius et al, 2015), and such activity has been assumed to play a central role in visual awareness, for example in the global neuronal workspace theory (Dehaene, 2014). However, Fr€ assle et al (2014) recently showed that the frontal activity disappeared when changes in the contents of awareness during binocular rivalry were indexed during passive viewing by optokinetic nystagmus and pupil size instead of conventional responding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective visual awareness emerges prior to P3

Koivisto

Salminen-Vaparanta

Grassini

et al. 2016

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Studies on the neural basis of visual awareness, the subjective experience of seeing, have found several potential neural correlates of visual awareness. Some of them may not directly correlate with awareness but with post-perceptual processes, such as reporting one's awareness of the stimulus. We dissociated potential electrophysiological correlates of visual awareness from those occurring during response selection and thus co-occurring with post-perceptual processing. The participants performed two GO-NOGO conditions. In the aware-GO condition they responded with a key press when they were aware of the stimulus and withheld responding when they were unaware of it. In the unaware-GO condition they withheld responding when they were aware and responded when they were not aware of the stimulus. Thus, event-related potentials could be measured to aware and unaware trials when responding was required and when not required. The results revealed that the N200 amplitude (180-280 ms) over the occipital and posterior temporal cortex was enhanced in aware trials as compared with trials without awareness. This effect (visual awareness negativity, VAN) did not depend on responding. The amplitude of P3 (350-450 ms) also was enhanced in aware trials as compared with unaware trials. In addition, the amplitudes in the P3 time window depended on responding: they were greater when awareness was mapped to GO-response than when not, suggesting that P3 reflects post-perceptual processing, that is, it occurs after awareness has emerged. These findings support theories of visual awareness that assume a relatively early onset of visual awareness before P3.

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“…Research furthermore indicates that visual consciousness and attention can be (neurally) dissociated (Koch and Tsuchiya 2007; Wyart and Tallon-Baudry 2008; Norman et al 2015). Notably, not only AB studies (Slagter et al 2010; Slagter et al 2012), but also studies using simple backward masking tasks with only one stimulus (Christensen et al 2006; Van Opstal et al 2014; Bisenius et al 2015), in which conscious access is not dependent on attentional selection as in the AB task (Dehaene and Changeux 2011), have reported greater activity in the striatum to consciously perceived stimuli. Future studies in humans that can measure striatal activity with high temporal precision are necessary to determine the precise contribution of the striatum to the AB and conscious perception, more generally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine and temporal attention: An attentional blink study in Parkinson's disease patients on and off medication

et al. 2016

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The current study aimed to shed more light on the role of dopamine in temporal attention. To this end, we pharmacologically manipulated dopamine levels in a large sample of Parkinson’s disease patients (n=63) while they performed an attentional blink (AB) task in which they had to identify two targets (T1 and T2) presented in close temporal proximity among distractors. We specifically examined 1) differences in the magnitude of the AB between unmedicated Parkinson patients, who have depleted levels of striatal dopamine, and healthy controls, and 2) effects of two dopaminergic medications (L-DOPA and dopamine agonists) on the AB in the Parkinson patients at the group level and as a function of individual baseline performance. In line with the notion that relatively low levels of striatal dopamine may impair target detection in general, Parkinson patients OFF medications displayed overall poor target perception compared to healthy controls. Moreover, as predicted, effects of dopaminergic medication on AB performance critically depended on individual baseline AB size, although this effect was only observed for L-DOPA. L-DOPA generally decreased the size of the AB in patients with a large baseline AB (i.e., OFF medications), while L-DOPA generally increased the AB in patients with a small baseline AB. These findings may support a role for dopamine in the AB and temporal attention, more generally and corroborate the notion that there is an optimum dopamine level for cognitive function. They also emphasize the need for more studies that examine the separate effects of DA agonists and L-DOPA on cognitive functioning.

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Identifying neural correlates of visual consciousness with ALE meta-analyses

Cited by 45 publications

References 146 publications

Conscious perception and the modulatory role of dopamine: no effect of the dopamine D2 agonist cabergoline on visual masking, the attentional blink, and probabilistic discrimination

Conscious perception and the modulatory role of dopamine: no effect of the dopamine D2 agonist cabergoline on visual masking, the attentional blink, and probabilistic discrimination

Subjective visual awareness emerges prior to P3

Dopamine and temporal attention: An attentional blink study in Parkinson's disease patients on and off medication

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