Identifying Opportunities for Improvement in Safety and Efficacy of Community Pharmacy Immunization Programs

Bazzell, Brian; Kelling, Sarah E.; Diez, Heidi L.; Klein, Kristin C.

doi:10.1177/0897190018761410

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Many concerns have been raised by other providers about the potential issues around pharmacist management of adverse events following immunization 47,48. The responses to this study offer further support for the capabilities of pharmacists in this area, as very few identified management of adverse events as a potential barrier, although many did note interest in having more training provided around management of adverse events, and for those that had a patient experience a reaction following immunization, managed it appropriately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Pharmacists’ immunization experiences, beliefs, and attitudes in New Brunswick, Canada

Isenor

Slayter

Halperin

et al. 2018

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Background:The expansion of pharmacist scope of practice to include provision of immunizations has occurred or is being considered in various countries. There are limited data evaluating the experiences of Canadian pharmacists in their role as immunizers.Objective:To describe the experiences of pharmacists in the Canadian province of New Brunswick as immunizers, including vaccines administered and perceived barriers and facilitators to providing immunizations.Methods:An anonymous, self-administered, web-based questionnaire was offered via email by the New Brunswick Pharmacists’ Association to all its members. The survey tool was adapted, with permission, from a tool previously used by the American Pharmacists Association and validated using content validity and test-retest reproducibility. Pharmacist reported immunization activities and perceived facilitators and barriers to providing immunization services were assessed.Results:Responses from 168 (response rate of 26%) were evaluable. Approximately 90% of respondents worked in community practice full time, 65% were female and 44% were practicing for 20 or more years. Greater than 75% reported administering: hepatitis A and B, influenza, and zoster vaccines. The majority of respondents felt fully accepted (agreed or strongly agreed) as immunization providers by patients, local physicians, and the provincial health department (97%, 70%, and 78%, respectively). Most commonly reported barriers were: lack of a universally funded influenza immunization program, insufficient staffing and space, and concerns around reimbursement for services.Conclusions:Pharmacists in New Brunswick, Canada are actively participating in the provision of a variety of immunizations and felt fully supported by patients and other healthcare providers. Barriers identified may provide insight to other jurisdictions considering expanding the role of pharmacists as immunizers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Pharmacists’ immunization experiences, beliefs, and attitudes in New Brunswick, Canada

Isenor

Slayter

Halperin

et al. 2018

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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“…[38][39][40] All immunizing pharmacists should warrant a safe and appropriate administration of vaccines in their practice, as more than 20,000 vaccination errors were previously reported. 36 Pharmacists with one to four years of practice experience were remarkably administering more vaccination compared to less experienced and senior pharmacists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 34 As the extent of pharmacy-based immunization authority is expanding, important numbers of pharmacists have been globally certified to administer vaccination. 36 , 37 In the US, pharmacists are mandated to complete a recognized immunization training program and blood borne pathogens training in order to administer vaccination. They must also get certified in cardiac life supports, and obtain legal authority.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Pharmacists in Providing Immunization to the General Population: Are Lebanese Pharmacists Ready for this Role?

Sakr¹,

Akiki²,

Dabbous³

et al. 2022

PHARMPRACT

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Background: Vaccination rates remain suboptimal in multiple areas around the world in spite of evidence that immunization is one of the most effective interventions for precluding morbidity and mortality. Non-traditional vaccine providers are proposed to augment immunization coverage. Pharmacists can have multiple vital roles to educate, facilitate and immunize against vaccine-preventable diseases. Limited data are available around the expertise and practices of Lebanese pharmacists in providing immunization services. Objective: This study aimed to determine predictors that are associated with vaccine administration by pharmacists in Lebanon, and to assess experiences and practices in providing immunization. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included pharmacists from all over Lebanon. A web-based self-administered validated questionnaire was adapted with permission. A snowball sampling technique was used to collect data through an electronic self-administered questionnaire between March and June 2021. The web-link to the survey was also shared by the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon with all registered pharmacists to gather a sample from different districts all over Lebanon. Results: A total of 315 pharmacists were included. A significant positive association was found between completion of an immunization training program (ORa = 2.085, [95%CI 1.006:4.322], P = 0.048), full-time pharmacists (ORa = 2.504, [95%CI 1.156:5.426], P = 0.02), 1 to 4 years of practice experience (ORa = 3.855, [95%CI 1.849:8.039], P < 0.0001), geographic area of practice (ORa = 3.201, [95%CI 1.242:8.249], P = 0.016; ORa = 5.373, [95%CI 1.859:15.530], P = 0.002 for Beirut and Mount Lebanon respectively), educating the public about immunization (ORa = 3.012, [95%CI 1.281:7.083], P = 0.011); and vaccine administration. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for additional immunization training programs to pharmacists to expand their ability and role as immunizers. It also provides intuition for policy makers to upgrade legislation relating to pharmacy continuing education and immunization training in order to enable pharmacists to have a greater role in direct vaccination.

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“…Since it is believed that safe storage of drugs and medical equipment's is pre-requisite for other pharmacy related services, therefore hospitals should be more focused on implementing and employing practical procedures of its principles, to provide appropriate infrastructures [24][25][26]. It is also recommended to concentrate and invest more on affective paradigms and review their measures more often to improve pharmaceutical care and also hospitals final ranking level evaluated by national accreditation standards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing Medication Management Criteria of National Hospital Accreditation Standards Using FDANP Model

Izadpanah

Shiehmorteza

Rahimpour

et al. 2020

JPRI

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Introduction: Accreditation is an evaluating tool of health care systems especially in hospitals: Iran’s Ministry of Health emphasizes its importance. We attempted this descriptive study to classify medication management criteria of hospital accreditation standards using a hybrid approach of fuzzy DEMATEL based on ANP (FDANP). Methods: This study included all Iran’s hospitals. Nine medication management criteria and their sub-criteria were evaluated. AHP questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The following were demonstrated to be effective: The standards of safe storage of drugs and medical equipment, and providing practical procedure for reporting and controlling medication errors. The other factors were affected by them: Continuous monitoring of drugs and medical equipment utilization was the most affected and not independent factors/standards. Conclusion: Focus should be made on effective standards and their related measures, not on standards affected by other factors/standards.

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Identifying Opportunities for Improvement in Safety and Efficacy of Community Pharmacy Immunization Programs

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Pharmacists’ immunization experiences, beliefs, and attitudes in New Brunswick, Canada

Pharmacists’ immunization experiences, beliefs, and attitudes in New Brunswick, Canada

The Role of Pharmacists in Providing Immunization to the General Population: Are Lebanese Pharmacists Ready for this Role?

Prioritizing Medication Management Criteria of National Hospital Accreditation Standards Using FDANP Model

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