Identifying Road Traffic Accidents Hotspots Areas Using GIS in Ethiopia: A Case Study of Hosanna Town

Abstract

Due to increasing human population and the number of vehicles, road traffic accident has significant influence on human life and economic development. In the present study, road traffic accident data of three years (2015-2017) were obtained from Hosanna Town Traffic Police Department, and Hosanna Town Transport Authority in Ethiopia. The Global Position System was used to know X, Y coordinates of the accident locations. Global Position System point data and accident data were added to road network data using the ‘Joins and relates’ function in ArcGIS. The results of the study showed a total of 241 Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were occurred in the town from which about 208 victims occurred on people and 33 damaged properties. Based on severity and frequencies of RTAs top nine hot spot areas were identified which requires high attention to protect people and property from damage and loss. Thus, the government and other concerned stakeholders should provide public education and awareness creation to reduce risk of fatalities and property damage due to RTAs in Hosanna town.

Identification and Prioritization Techniques Applied to Urban Accident-Prone Locations: A Scoping Review

“…Fourteen grouping methods were found among the 42 studies evaluated (Table 3), highlighting the use of section split (SS) (Al-Omari et al, 2020;Greibe, 2003;Guerrero-Barbosa and Santiago-Palacio, 2016;Halim et al, 2018;Hayidso et al, 2019;Nguyen et al, 2016;Qu et al, 2019;Saha et al, 2020;Sugiyanto et al, 2017;Yan et al, 2019), kernel density estimation (KDE) (Hegyi et al, 2017;Le et al, 2020aLe et al, , 2020bPleerux, 2020;Shafabakhsh et al, 2017;Soltani and Askari, 2014;Xie and Yan, 2013), network kernel density estimation (NKDE) (Al-Aamri et al, 2021;Fan et al, 2018;Nie et al, 2015;Xie and Yan, 2008), spatial autocorrelation (SA) (Chance Scott et al, 2016;Steenberghen et al, 2011;Ulak et al, 2019), community census (CC) (Dong et al, 2016;Dumbaugh et al, 2010;Vaz et al, 2017), and cells (Cui and Xie, 2021;Debrabant et al, 2018;Geurts et al, 2005;Xiao et al, 2021). Less frequently used were beta-binomial screening (Park and Sahaji, 2013b), city limits , DBSCAN (Szénási and Jankó, 2017), the Firefly algorithm (Yuan et al, 2020), Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) (Mansourkhaki et al, 2017), nearest neighbor (NN) (Rahman et al, 2020)…”

“…The segments and junctions approach segregates roads and intersections into units of equal size and searches for accident distributions that characterize such units as APLs. Of the 12 studies identified that used segments and junctions, 11 applied previously fixed dimensions to identify specific segments and radii, in order to scan for RTAs (Al-Omari et al, 2020;Guerrero-Barbosa and Santiago-Palacio, 2016;Halim et al, 2018;Hayidso et al, 2019;Nguyen et al, 2016;Qu et al, 2019;Saha et al, 2020;Sugiyanto et al, 2017;Yan et al, 2019). Only one of the 12 studies used the beta-binomial approach to obtain UAs composed of segments and junctions (Park and Sahaji, 2013a).…”

“…Different from the previous methods, the use of segments and junctions to scan for RTAs involves the segregation of the road network into segments of the same length and intersections of the same radius, generating equidimensional components that enable comparison of the distribution of RTAs among UAs of the same length (Al-Omari et al, 2020;Greibe, 2003;Guerrero-Barbosa and Santiago-Palacio, 2016;Halim et al, 2018;Hayidso et al, 2019;Nguyen et al, 2016;Qu et al, 2019;Saha et al, 2020;Sugiyanto et al, 2017;Yan et al, 2019). Another segments and junctions approach applied beta-binomial screening to perform formal tests and compare local RTA configurations between similar regions (Park and Sahaji, 2013a).…”

“…As RTAs have outcomes with different levels of severity, weighted accident numbers (WANs) have been used to identify APLs from calculation of the severity associated with each location. These approaches have been applied in weighted density analysis using weighted RTAs (Szénási and Jankó, 2017), evaluation of local severity indexes (Hayidso et al, 2019), and evaluation of sites with RTA frequency above the upper control limit (Sugiyanto et al, 2017).…”

The issue of addressing the lack of parking spaces for road freight transport in cities - a case study

“…This method selects the option closest to the ideal variation and farthest from the basal variation (the variant with the worst rating) assuming that all crite-ria have maximizing character. If not, it is necessary to convert all of the criteria [25][26][27][28]. The g ij elements are normalized according to the formula [29,30]:…”