“…Consequently, X-ray spectroscopy is highly sensitive to processes such as proton transfer occurring in close proximity to the probed atom. It has been widely utilized to determine protonation states in various contexts, including gas-phase molecules, , solutions, and organic crystals. ,, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) − and absorption (XAS) ,, spectra are the two most common techniques for organic crystals, providing detailed information on proton dynamics associated with hydrogen bonding.…”