Identifying the Source of Textile Dye Allergic Contact Dermatitis – A Guideline

Hatch, Kathryn L.; Motschi, Herbert; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1159/000078691

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Certain textile dyes have the potential to cause skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis (1–4). Among those that have been confirmed as human contact allergens is C.I.…”

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confidence: 99%

Potency and risk assessment of a skin‐sensitizing disperse dye using the local lymph node assay

et al. 2005

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Disperse Blue 106 is an acknowledged skin-sensitization hazard. However, information about the relative sensitization potency of this chemical is lacking, and to provide this information was the purpose of the investigations described here. The approach taken was to measure dose-response relationships for C.I. Disperse Blue in the local lymph node assay, a method for the assessment of skin-sensitization potential in which activity is measured as a function of lymphocyte proliferative responses induced in draining lymph nodes. From these data, it was possible to derive EC3 values (such being the estimated concentration of chemical required to elicit a 3-fold increase in proliferation) that have been shown previously to reflect the relative sensitizing potency of contact allergens. These analyses revealed that Disperse Blue 106 had a relatively low EC3 value (0.01%), comparable to that measured concurrently for 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, a potent contact allergen. Collectively, these data reveal that Disperse Blue 106 represents a significant skin-sensitization hazard, and, in combination with information on dye migration and percutaneous penetration from various types of fabric and use conditions provide a basis for the development of effective and accurate risk assessments.

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“…Certain textile dyes have the potential to cause skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis (1–4). Among those that have been confirmed as human contact allergens is C.I.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potency and risk assessment of a skin‐sensitizing disperse dye using the local lymph node assay

et al. 2005

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“…This may be due to under reporting by the patient, the difficulty in associating a dermatitis with textiles and the different clinical presentations of a textile allergy (1)(2)(3)(4), for which sweating and friction are the activating or aggravating factors (2,5). Dyes are the first, and resin finishes are the second major causes of textile dermatitis: their presence is dependent on the textile fabric composition (2,5,6). Chemicals such as metals, lubricants, fragrances, biocides and UV absorbers may be other potential textile allergens (2,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on textile fibre composition (if correct!) and texture of the material, it is possible to deduce the dye classes that may be employed (2,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic Contact Dermatitis Associated With Reactive Dyes in a Dark Garment: A Case Report

Moreau

Goossens

2005

Dermatitis

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In this study, we present a case of a patient who has not been occupationally exposed to reactive dyes, but did present with a dermatitis from wearing a dark cotton garment. The patient experienced reactivation of his dermatitis when rewearing a new unwashed dark T-shirt made of 100% cotton (in fact, the patient reported that it had to be washed at least 3 times before the skin reaction disappeared). He presented positive patch tests to 6 reactive dyes from Chemotechnique 1 textile series. The clothing could not be proved as the true cause of the dermatitis, but resolution occurred upon removal of the suspected garment. This suggests that contact allergy to the reactive dyes (he did not react to any other dyes and his garment was a natural fabric) was likely responsible. With this report, we would like to emphasize that reactive dyes, as a class, should be considered as potential allergens, both occupationally and from non-occupational exposure such as garments. If garments containing reactive dyes are not properly rinsed in the manufacturing process, we believe that excess of dye can be retained that may cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). As the reactive dyes and their hydrolysis products are very water-soluble, they can be easily washed off to prevent ACD.

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Textile Workers

Azenha¹

2018

Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology

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Identifying the Source of Textile Dye Allergic Contact Dermatitis – A Guideline

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Potency and risk assessment of a skin‐sensitizing disperse dye using the local lymph node assay

Potency and risk assessment of a skin‐sensitizing disperse dye using the local lymph node assay

Allergic Contact Dermatitis Associated With Reactive Dyes in a Dark Garment: A Case Report

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