Identifying the time-dependent predominance regimes of step and terrace sites for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on ruthenium based catalysts

Abstract

Two types of active sites for CO dissociation exist in Ru particles. Step-edge sites deactivate during reaction.

Phase‐Dependent Stability and Substrate‐Induced Deactivation by Strong Metal‐Support Interaction of Ru/TiO2 Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid

“…That a CO‐OH band (∼2150 cm −1 ) was absent for the Ru/P25 sample is indicative of the high degree of surface dehydroxylation after outgassing at 550 °C, whereas a large amount of residual hydroxyl groups were still present on the surfaces of Ru/Rutile and Ru/Anatase after annealing . In addition, broad bands centered at 2040, 2043 and 2046 cm −1 were observed for Ru/P25, Ru/Rutile and Ru/Anatase, respectively, assigned to CO linearly adsorbed on metallic Ru particles …”

“…[52] In addition, broad bands centered at 2040, 2043 and 2046 cm À 1 were observed for Ru/P25, Ru/Rutile and Ru/Anatase, respectively, assigned to CO linearly adsorbed on metallic Ru particles. [53]…”

Revealing the nature of active sites in electrocatalysis

“…63 Before concluding this section, it is worth noting that generalized coordination numbers can be calculated on metals other than Pt [64][65][66][67] and have been used to analyze trends for a variety of (electro)catalytic reactions. 33,64,[66][67][68][69][70] The role of surface defects Nowadays, the rational design of heterogeneous electrocatalysts is mainly based on the modication of surface properties. In the case of the ORR on Pt, for example, numerous theoretical as well as experimental approaches have been used to modify the surface properties through e.g.…”

Enabling Generalized Coordination Numbers to Describe Strain Effects

“…The resulting descriptor can be used to design catalysts availing strain and coordination effects simultaneously. Although the following analysis focuses on Pt and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), CN can be used on other face centered cubic (fcc; e.g., Au, Cu, Rh), hexagonal close packed (hcp; e.g., Ru), or body centered cubic (bcc) metals and other reactions (e.g., H 2 evolution or CO reduction/oxidation).…”