IFN-γ/Doxorubicin Complex Nanoparticles for Enhancing Therapy in the Context of Human Ovarian Carcinoma

Abstract

The cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and doxorubicin mono-therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tumors. The importance of IFN-γ in the immune system lies in its immunomodulatory effects, and the importance of doxorubicin in antitumor therapy lies in inhibiting RNA and DNA synthesis. In this work, the role of IFN-γ in the antitumor activity in combination with doxorubicin was investigated. Meanwhile, IFN-γ was used as a vehicle to load doxorubicin over immunotherapy and chemotherapy for synergistic therapy. IFN-γ/doxorubicin complex nanoparticles were prepared by a fusion method with a size of approximately 13 nm and a low polydispersity index. The doxorubicin release profile was analyzed with different pH ranges, and it showed an enhanced release in acidic pH. The ability of IFN-γ/doxorubicin complex nanoparticles to induce human ovarian carcinoma cell (Skov 3) apoptosis was evaluated by the cytotoxicity test. The cellular uptake of IFN-γ/doxorubicin complex nanoparticles was time-dependent, and the IFN-γ/doxorubicin complex nanoparticles showed a higher apoptosis efficiency than free doxorubicin by flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence imaging. This work bridged IFN-γ with doxorubicin to utilize their potential for antitumor activities, opening new avenues for their use in clinical settings.

The role of interferons in ovarian cancer progression: Hinderer or promoter?

“…A recent study used IFN-γ to transport DOX in the form of nanoparticles. Such nanoparticles greatly increased apoptosis at the cellular level ( 148 ).…”

A generalizable strategy for crosslinkable albumin-based hydrogels and application as potential anti-tumor nanoplatform

“…As compared to liposome, cellulose and mesoporous silica, BSA shows a marked increase of the drug permeability and the prolonged circulation time. Meanwhile, it has the specifications, such as non-immunogenicity, nontoxicity, and biodegradability, which make them excellent candidates for drug delivery [16]. Unfortunately, a large proportion of albumin based drug carriers have failed in the development of clinical trials.…”

Controlled growth of titanium dioxide nanotubes for doxorubicin loading and studies of in vitro antitumor activity

“…In addition, the side effects of antitumor drugs are a major issue in traditional chemotherapy, and these hollow tubular materials are an ideal way to reduce side effects and deliver the drugs for release at the tumor site (Lv et al, 2023). More importantly, because pH in the tumor matrix is usually more acidic than that of normal tissues and blood (with the lysosomes in tumor cells reaching an acidic of pH ~4.5-5.0; Deng et al, 2022), TiO 2 NTs with superior pHsensitive features may be feasible for controlled drug release (Feng et al, 2016;Yi et al, 2022).…”