“…Numerous empirical studies on zakat have been conducted, including studies on zakat collection, distribution, and usage. The researchers had investigated methods for maximizing the potential of zakat (Amalia, 2018;Kasri & Putri, 2018;Santoso, 2019), factors that influence zakat giving (Abu Bakar & Rashid, 2010;Ali et al, 2017;Arsyianti, Kassim, & Adewale, 2017;Azzahra & Majid, 2020;Campong & Zamri, 2019;Doktoralina, Bahari, & Abdullah, 2018;Jamilah, 2018;Mastura, Ali, & Bidin, 2015), repercussions of zakat distribution (Faisal & Yuliani, 2017;Sidik & Reskino, 2016), conceptual frameworks for institution of zakat (Ghazali, Al, Saad, Syahir, & Wahab, 2016;Pamuncak, Possumah, & Abdul Hamid, 2018), and utilization of zakat (Alim, 2015;Wali, 2013). Zakat utilization programs for economic empowerment have both economic and social and spiritual effects (Kholiq, 2012).…”