iGSE-C$_{\mathrm{x}}$ – a New Normalized Steinmetz Model for Class II Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

Menzi, David; Heller, Morris; Kolar, Johann W.

doi:10.1109/ojpel.2021.3060874

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Next to thermal design of the inverter, the obtained temperature cycles can serve as input for life-time estimations [22]. State-of-the-art calculation methods for inductor and capacitor losses could be added to optimize the complete system [23], [24]. Beyond design of inverters, a possible application of harmonic balance could be over-temperature protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Steady-State Analysis of Inverters With Temperature-Dependent Losses Using Harmonic Balance

Weiler

Vermulst

Lemmen

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Steady-State Analysis of Inverters With Temperature-Dependent Losses Using Harmonic Balance

Weiler

Vermulst

Lemmen

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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“…This assumption then enables the scaling of the measured loss from one benchmark to its peers using the same dielectric material, largely alleviating the testing effort. This model's prediction error is under 20% when used to evaluate high-voltage MLCCs [8]. However, it may lose accuracy at lower voltage ranges, after surveying on 31 samples from both high-voltage and low-voltage categories.…”

Section: B Loss Modeling Of Class II Mlccsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [8], a new Steinmetz model is set up to solve this issue by predicting MLCC's loss using a material-specific modeling approach. Fundamentally, this approach makes an assumption that the rated voltage (V rated ) of the MLCC is limited by the breakdown voltage of dielectric material.…”

Section: B Loss Modeling Of Class II Mlccsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet the physics behind the loss mechanism of Class II MLCC is not fully understood. The nonlinear electrical hysteresis of Class II MLCC has been identified as the main source of loss and the root cause of the discrepancy between small and large-signal losses [7], [8]. Based on the observation of large-signal charge versus voltage (Q-V ) curves, such hysteresis loss has been fitted by Steinmetz's Equation (SE):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loss Characterization and Modeling of Ferroelectric Class II Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Resonant Converters

Jiang¹

2022

Preprint

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<p>Class II multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) employing ferroelectric materials have been widely utilized as the primary energy storage and transfer element in high-frequency resonant converters due to their ultra-high energy density. In these applications, MLCCs experience large-signal and high-frequency electrical excitations superimposed on biased voltages, burdening converters' efficiency due to their significant power loss. However, little has been published to reveal the large-signal loss characteristics of Class II MLCCs under such realistic operating conditions. This paper develops a novel characterization method to experimentally extract MLCC power loss using a resonant-Sawyer-Tower (Res-ST) circuit under large-signal and wide-frequency-range excitation with DC bias voltage. A general loss modeling approach based on Steinmetz’s Pre-electricized Graph (SPeG) is also proposed to accurately correlate the large excitation amplitude, wide-range frequency, and DC bias voltage. In this paper, the SpeG model first provides the material-specific volume loss density of four common dielectric materials and then can be easily extrapolated to evaluate the loss of the MLCCs with different rated voltage$\&$capacitance but employing the same dielectric material. In order to extend the material-specific SPeG model to device-level application, this paper also prepares an easy-to-follow tool, dielectric thickness observer (DTO), to estimate the dielectric microstructural geometry by tracking the $C$-$V$ characteristics provided in the product datasheet. The combination of the proposed loss characterization method, SPeG model, and DTO can be used as a very convenient and accurate tool to estimate the power loss of MLCCs in different applications, in particular high-frequency resonant tanks. This article is accompanied by SEM images and MATLAB code demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed DTO.</p>

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“…Past work [11], [12] has characterized MLCCs under low-frequency (i.e., 50-60 Hz) sinusoidal excitation. Further work in [13], [14] introduced a model for a capacitor's large-signal losses, when operating at subkilohertz frequencies. However, little work has been done to characterize and model MLCC losses for high frequency and non-sinusoidal excitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Modeling of Ceramic Capacitor Losses Under Large Signal Operating Conditions

Coday

Pilawa-Podgurski

2023

IEEE Open J. Power Electron.

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Recent work on hybrid switched-capacitor converters has demonstrated exceptionally high efficiencies and power densities through the use of multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). However, when used in such converters as the main energy transfer components, the capacitors experience high voltage and current ripple often under large dc voltage bias. Yet, capacitor characterization is typically done only with small signal excitation, and under low or no dc bias, yielding highly inaccurate loss models. This work presents a technique for obtaining detailed loss characterizations of MLCCs under more realistic operating conditions through a carefully designed calorimetric setup. Experimental results from several types of MLCCs are presented over a wide range of operating conditions. Finally, a linear model is presented to accurately estimate MLCC losses.

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iGSE-C$_{\mathrm{x}}$ – a New Normalized Steinmetz Model for Class II Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Spectral Steady-State Analysis of Inverters With Temperature-Dependent Losses Using Harmonic Balance

Spectral Steady-State Analysis of Inverters With Temperature-Dependent Losses Using Harmonic Balance

Loss Characterization and Modeling of Ferroelectric Class II Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Resonant Converters

Characterization and Modeling of Ceramic Capacitor Losses Under Large Signal Operating Conditions

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