IL-10 and GM-CSF Expression and the Presence of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Chronic Venous Ulcers

Li, Ya-Qi; Doyle, J. William; Roth, Timothy P.; Dunn, Raymond M.; Wt, Lawrence

doi:10.1006/jsre.1998.5410

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In acute wounds, the infl ammatory phase is rather short, and geared towards the removal of bacteria and debris, with neutrophils and macrophages playing a key role. Chronic wounds, however, exhibit persistent infl ammation characterized by overactivation of neutrophils and macrophages, a prolonged and more pronounced presence of T cells with a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio [ 11,12 ] , increased release of proinfl ammatory cytokines [ 13,14 ] , and elevated production of tissue-degrading proteases such as elastases, matrix metalloproteinases, and plasmin [ 11,15 ] . Compared to acute wounds, the composition of the persistent infl ammatory cells is altered, with large numbers of CD20+ B cells, CD68+ macrophages, and CD79a+ plasma cells [ 11 ] .…”

Section: Inflammation and Oxidative Stress In Chronic Woundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of wound healing disorders in the elderly

Makrantonaki

Wlaschek

Scharffetter‐Kochanek

2017

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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Summary The elderly constitute the age group most susceptible to wound healing disorders and chronic wounds, the most prevalent being venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers. However, other age‐associated diseases should also be taken into consideration in the diagnostic workup of chronic wounds, and not be underestimated. A better understanding of the pathomechanisms involved in the wound healing process is of key importance in combatting the difficulties associated with the treatment of chronic wounds. In recent decades, considerable progress has been made in the development of pioneering therapeutic strategies for chronic wounds. In this context, the use of growth factors and cytokines, tissue engineering, and cell therapy – including stem cells – have proven very promising. Nevertheless, prior to their introduction into routine clinical practice, large controlled clinical trials are required to assess the safety of these techniques.

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Section: Inflammation and Oxidative Stress In Chronic Woundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of wound healing disorders in the elderly

Makrantonaki

Wlaschek

Scharffetter‐Kochanek

2017

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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“…Given the already small pool of available patients, researchers often cannot construct the stringent exclusion criteria necessary to control for confounding factors. Of the 20 studies involving wound fluid or ulcer biopsies, 17 did not exclude patients with diabetes (Harris et al, 1995;Higley et al, 1995;Hasan et al, 1997;Li et al, 1998;Mendez et al, 1999;Trengove et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2003;Lal et al, 2003;Tian and Li et al, 1998;Wallace and Stacey, 1998;Trengove et al, 2000;Cowin et al, 2001Cowin et al, , 2006Murphy et al, 2002;Tian and Stacey, 2003;Gohel et al, 2008). This weakness is especially important in studies on TNF-a, given its known positive association with the severity of active infection (Ambrosch et al, 2008).…”

Section: Cytokines/growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Compounding these limitations is the fact that almost all of the samples include less than 30 patients (Harris et al, 1995;Higley et al, 1995;Hasan et al, 1997;Li et al, 1998;Wallace and Stacey, 1998;Mendez et al, 1999;Trengove et al, 2000;Cowin et al, 2001Cowin et al, , 2006Murphy et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2003;Lal et al, 2003;Seidman et al, 2003;Tian and Stacey, 2003;Raffetto et al, 2008;Beidler et al, 2009;Charles et al, 2009;Pappas et al, 2009). Chronic venous disease patients are especially difficult to recruit into clinical studies.…”

Section: Cytokines/growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Other studies on basic fibroblast growth factor (Seidman et al, 2003) and interleukin-10 (Li et al, 1998) suggested possible contribution of these molecules to the chronicity of venous ulcers.…”

Section: Cytokines/growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although paired wound fluid and blood samples can be drawn to provide better reference points, the success rate of obtaining both samples is not always high. Harris et al, 199518 No Yes No Hasan et al, 19977 No No No HIgley et al, 199512 No No No Kim et al, 20034 No Yes Yes Lal et al, 2003 No Yes Yes Li et al, 199820 No No No Margolis et al, 200244,195 No No No Margolis et al, 2007414,887 No No No Mendez et al, 1999 Studies on wound fluid often attempt to analyze a large number of cytokines and growth factors simultaneously (Harris et al, 1995;Trengove et al, 2000;Tian and Stacey, 2003;Gohel et al, 2008;Beidler et al, 2009). Although this design may be useful as an initial screening test for identifying candidate cytokines and growth factors, it is unsuitable for comparing individual cytokines and growth factors from study to study.…”

Section: Cytokines/growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Does Inflammation Have a Role in the Pathogenesis of Venous Ulcers?: A Critical Review of the Evidence

Liu

Margolis

Isseroff

2011

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Chronic venous disease, a disorder involving venous return from the legs, is a growing epidemic in the developed world. Numerous studies have been conducted in the past two decades in an attempt to elucidate its underlying pathophysiology. Many theories have been proposed to address the profound inflammatory dysregulation, with the majority focusing on fibrin trap, inflammatory trap, cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases. Although many of these theories have obtained great momentum, much of the data are contradictory. Moreover, many treatments built on these theories have claimed overwhelming success despite insufficient evidence. At the same time, there are few reviews that critically analyze and evaluate these data. Therefore, in this paper, we will provide summaries of the background data and evolution of these theories and examine their supporting evidence.

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Keratinocyte and dermal vascular endothelial cell capacities remain unimpaired in the margin of chronic venous ulcer

2004

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The role of endogenously produced cytokines and growth factors in the impaired healing of chronic leg ulcers remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the functional capacity of skin cells in ulcer bed tissue compared to those in the edge of ulcers and skin distal to ulcers. Biopsies from leg ulcers of ten randomly selected patients were examined immunohistochemically for cytokines and growth factors produced by keratinocytes (KC) and vascular endothelial cells (EC). The phenotype of leukocytes infiltrating venous ulcers and the expression of vascular adhesion molecules responsible for extravasation were also studied. The expression of cytokines and growth factors by KC was similar in areas adjacent and remote from an ulcer. In the dermis adjacent to an ulcer, the expression of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1Ra, EGF and PDGFa by EC was higher than the levels of expression in EC from the distant dermis. The expression of IL-6, TNFalpha and GM-CSF was comparable to that in cells from intact dermis. For all these factors staining was cytoplasmic, suggesting production in these areas. Ulcer bed tissue contained few fibroblasts and blood capillaries showing a high staining intensity for CD62E and CD106 EC adhesion molecules but no FGF2 expression (P<0.05). The intensity of staining for scavenging CD15+ elastase+ granulocytes and CD35+ (C3bR) activated macrophages in the ulcer bed was comparable to that in the margin but higher than that in the distant dermis (P<0.05), whereas staining for CD68+, HLA DR+, TGFbeta+ and CD54+ dermal macrophages was similar in all areas. There was reduced staining for CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the ulcer bed (P<0.05). There were no CD1a+ Langerhans cells in the epidermis encroaching upon the granulation tissue and there was reduced CD1a staining in the adjacent epidermis (P<0.05). In conclusion, there is chronic accumulation of scavenging cells with lack of remodeling of the granulation tissue and, at the same time, preserved cytokine and growth factor secretory potential of KC and dermal EC in non-healing venous leg ulcers.

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IL-10 and GM-CSF Expression and the Presence of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Chronic Venous Ulcers

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Pathogenesis of wound healing disorders in the elderly

Pathogenesis of wound healing disorders in the elderly

Does Inflammation Have a Role in the Pathogenesis of Venous Ulcers?: A Critical Review of the Evidence

Keratinocyte and dermal vascular endothelial cell capacities remain unimpaired in the margin of chronic venous ulcer

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