IL-17: an important pathogenic factor in endometriosis

Abstract

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is known as a Th17-cell-derived proinflammatory cytokine, which plays a pivotal role in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. Emerging evidence has shown that IL-17 is linked to endometriosis, although the etiology of endometriosis is still unknown. The IL-17 expression is up-regulated in serum, peritoneal fluid (PF) and endometriotic lesions from patients with endometriosis but the related regulation mechanisms are complex and obscure. Meanwhile, the specific roles of IL-17 in endometriosis are also worthy of further exploration. Through the integration and summary of literature, we conclude that the secretion of IL-17 increases under the regulation of ectopic microenvironment and other factors, and then IL-17 is deeply involved in endometriosis in the regulation of immune microenvironment, the invasion and growth of ectopic lesions, and so on, which implies its therapeutic value in this disorder.

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“…IL-8 attracts and activates neutrophils. After binding to IL-8, neutrophils activate displacement and release inflammatory mediators, leading to a local inflammatory response [ 26 ]. IL-17 can induce endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts to secrete PGE2 IL-6 and IL-8 [ 27 ].…”

Influence of the gut microbiota on endometriosis: Potential role of chenodeoxycholic acid and its derivatives

“…RORγt is a key transcription factor regulating Th17 cell differentiation (Paik et al, 2022). It has been reported that Th17 cells and IL-17A secreted by Th17 cells play an important role in the progress of EMS (Shi et al, 2022). Furthermore, following direct binding of 3-oxoLCA to RORγt, a reduced differentiation of Th17 cells in the mouse intestinal Frontiers in Pharmacology frontiersin.org lamina propria was observed (Paik et al, 2022), suggesting that CDCA derivative-regulated RORγt transcription factors could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for EMS.…”

“…Ruminococcus gnavus has been shown to produce inflammatory polysaccharides, which are closely associated with Crohn’s disease and to modulate the differentiation of T helper cells that express IL-17A (Th17 cells) through the production of specific secondary BA derivatives ( Henke et al, 2019 ; Paik et al, 2022 ). Studies have reported that IL-17A plays an important role in EMS progression ( Shi et al, 2022 ). Lactobacillus has long been used as a probiotic supplement to maintain health as well as prevent and treat diseases, but its proportion in GM elevated in EMS models ( Ni et al, 1989b ; Cao et al, 2020 ), which may be due to suppression of the differentiation of Th17 cells by Lactobacillus ( Wilck et al, 2017 ) .…”

“…Recent studies have shown that IL-17 levels are generally elevated in peritoneal fluid and serum in women with EMS ( Shi et al, 2022 ). IL-17 further leads to proliferation, growth and invasion of endometriotic lesions and promotes immune escape of ectopic lesions and the progression of EMS by inducing M2 macrophage differentiation ( Shi et al, 2022 ). There are several factors that can cause an elevation in IL-17 levels.…”

“…Another study reported that CDCA and its derivatives including (LCA and 3-oxoLCA) regulate RORγ + Treg cells through the nuclear receptor VDR ( Song et al, 2020 ). And an imbalance in the Th17/Treg cell ratio leads to ectopic endometrial lesion survival and implantation ( Shi et al, 2022 ). Therefore, specific primary and secondary BAs regulate the Th17/Treg cell ratio, which may influence the progression of EMS.…”