IL-1β and TNF-α Regulate IL-6-type Cytokines in Gingival Fibroblasts

Abstract

IL-1alpha (interleukin-1alpha); IL-1beta (interleukin-1beta); IL-6 (interleukin-6); IL-11 (interleukin-11); LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor); OSM (oncostatin M); alpha(1)-coll. I (alpha(1)-collagen I); ALP (alkaline phosphatase); BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2); OC (osteocalcin); BSP (bone sialoprotein); TNFR I (tumor necrosis factor receptor I); TNFR II (tumor necrosis factor receptor II); IL-1R1 (interleukin-1 receptor 1); GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase); RPL13A (ribosomal protein L13A); mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid); cDNA (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid); PCR (polymerase chain-reaction); BCA (bicinchoninic acid); ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay); alpha-MEM (alpha modification of Minimum Essential Medium); and FCS (fetal calf serum).

LPS induces GROα chemokine production via NF-κB in oral fibroblasts

“…Thus, oral fibroblasts are not only important for extracellular matrix formation but also contribute to the development of the inflammatory reaction. Human PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts have previously been reported to respond to inflammation promoters by producing other cytokines like IL-6 and MCP-1 [10,11,19], suggesting that oral fibroblast contribute to the production of several important factors involved in inflammation. Breland et al [20] have reported data suggesting that GROa is involved in atherogenesis and atherosclerosis.…”

“…These cells as well as gingival fibroblasts synthesize collagen and thus play an important role building up and maintaining the periodontal tissues [9]. Recent data suggest that PDL cells as well as gingival fibroblasts also may be involved in the inflammatory response by producing cytokines and chemokines [5,10,11]. It is of great importance to investigate if, and through which pathways, periodontal fibroblasts produce GROa in response to inflammation promoters since GROa attracts neutrophils playing a key role in periodontitis [12].…”

Are periodontal fibroblasts target cells for lipoxins and resolvin D1?

“…Here it was investigated whether LXA 4 , LXB 4 , and RvD1 interfere with the response of periodontal fibroblasts to key inflammatory molecules and growth factors in vitro. Periodontal fibroblasts are the most abundant cells in the periodontium and respond to IL-1β and TNF-α by production of IL-6 and IL-8 [12,13]. It was proposed that IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 function in networks culminating in immune cell differentiation, soft tissue destruction and bone resorption [24,25].…”

“…In response to IL-1β and TNF-α periodontal fibroblasts produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8 [12,13]. This inflammatory response is mediated by the intracellular signaling molecules p38 and the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), also in periodontal fibroblasts [14,15].…”

Levels of interleukin IL-6 in gingival fluid during orthodontic tooth movement: Children vs. adult

“…Fluktuacije tokom vremena u sadržaju citokina u gingivalnoj tečnosti zuba koji nisu ortodontski tretirani zapazili su i drugi autori (2) , ali ih nisu posebno objašnjavali, najverovatnije zato što se nivoi citokina ovih zuba nisu značajno menjali tokom perioda posmatranja , bez obzira da li se radilo o antagonističkim ili kontralateralnim zubima , kao kontrolama (2). Iako van konteksta ortodontskog pomeranja zuba , nedavno dobijeni rezultati ispitivanja odnosa IL-6 u nezapaljenoj gingivi zdravih osoba su pokazala da rezidentalni gingivalni fibroblasti konstitutivno eksprimiraju nekoliko osteotropnih citokina IL-6 tipa , uključujući i sam IL-6 , a da tu ekspresiju stimulišu IL-1 i TNF-n, ali različitim molekulskim mehanizmima (7). To ukazuje da je genska ekspresija specifičnih faktora u gingivalnom tkivu predodređena ili duboko uvrežena u fiziologiju samog tkiva (8) .…”