IL-4 and cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) pathway are involved in cicatricial pemphigoid scarring process

Giomi, Barbara; Caproni, Marzia; Fabbri, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.12.021

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Fibrosis, the hyperaccumulation of scar tissue, is characterized by the overproduction and deposition of type I and II collagen by fibroblasts and when associated with repetitive injury in chronic inflammatory disease is strongly linked with CD4+ Th2 responses involving IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13 and IL‐21 (Wynn, ). In MMP, both IL‐4 and IL‐13 are thought to be involved in cicatricial scarring process (Razzaque et al , ; Bhogal et al , Giomi et al , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytokines may have an important role in the scarring process in MMP. Increased expression of interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐4 mRNA has been seen in MMP, particularly in cicatricial pemphigoid (Caproni et al , , ; Razzaque et al , ; Giomi et al , ). Increased expression of IL‐4 may play an important role in the regulation of local accumulation of macrophages by inducing colony‐stimulating factor and matrix accumulation by inducing heat shock protein‐47 and collagen during MMP scarring (Razzaque et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interleukin‐4RA gene polymorphism is associated with oral mucous membrane pemphigoid

et al. 2013

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin‐4RA gene polymorphism is associated with oral mucous membrane pemphigoid

et al. 2013

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“…In patients with MMP, scarring and the associated loss of function are the major complications, except usually for some patients in whom the disease is restricted to the oral mucosa. Interestingly, both IL‐4 and IL‐13 are thought to be involved in cicatricial scarring process in MMP (Bhogal et al , ; Giomi et al , ). Very recently, it has been suggested that the interleukin‐4 receptor A (IL‐4RA)‐1902 A/A, a genotype that has been found in 90% of patients with OP, is associated with a reduced response to IL‐4 and thus may explain a better clinical outcome for this group of patients (Carrozzo et al , ).…”

Section: Does Oral Pemphigoid Really Exist As a Separate Entity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban legend series: mucous membrane pemphigoid

Zenzo

Carrozzo

Chan³

2013

Oral Diseases

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Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a heterogeneous group of autoimmune subepithelial blistering diseases affecting primarily mucous membranes showing marked degree of clinical and immunological variability. We investigated four controversial topics: (i) Does oral pemphigoid (OP) really exist as a separate entity? (ii) Is mucous membrane pemphigoid curable? (iii) What is the best therapeutic option for MMP? (iv) Does exclusive oral IgA dermatitis exist as a distinct entity from MMP? Results from extensive literature searches suggested that (i) it is still unclear whether patients with OP could be considered as a distinct subset of MMP with specific clinical and immunological features; (ii) it is uncertain whether treatment regimens that get MMP under control can be eliminated to allow patients to be in drug-free remission or they should be continuously administered in some capacities; (iii) there is a concerning paucity of good-quality trials on MMP and available recommendations are solely based on generally small patients' cohorts or case series. Some of the 2002 consensus experts' opinions should be possibly updated, particularly regarding the safety of sulfa drugs; (iv) we did not find any strong evidence to support an exclusive oral (and perhaps also mucosal) form of LAD as a separate entity.

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“…In our study, focusing on ocular MMP, we did not find an association between the IL‐4RA ‐1902 SNP and MMP. The association of this polymorphism to MMP may therefore be limited to oral pemphigoid, which is also supported by the fact that IL‐4 usually exerts profibrotic actions and oral MMP is the only variant of MMP not leading to scarring .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Genomewide association study identifies GALC as susceptibility gene for mucous membrane pemphigoid

Sadik

Bischof

Beek

et al. 2017

Experimental Dermatology

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Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare, chronic and often aggressive subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease potentially affecting several mucous membranes with blisters and secondary erosions and scars. The pathogenesis of MMP is poorly understood, and the contribution of genetic predispositions, other than HLA class II allele variants to MMP, is unknown. The objective of this study is to identify susceptibility genes for MMP in a British cohort of MMP patients. A GWAS was conducted in a British cohort of 106 MMP patients. Publicly available genotypes of 2900 blood donors of the UK Blood Service and of 6740 individuals of the 1958 British Birth Cohort served as control. Subsequently, putative susceptibility genes were independently replicated in a German cohort of 42 MMP patients. The GWAS found 38 SNPs in 28 haploblocks with an odds ratio >2 reaching genomewide significance (P < 5.7 × 10 ). Replication confirmed an association of MMP with SNPs in rs17203398 (OR: 3.9), located intronically in the β-galactocerebrosidase gene (GALC) on chromosome 14 and with recessive polymorphisms in rs9936045 (OR: 3.1) in the intergenic region between CASC16 and CHD9 on chromosome 16. The risk of developing MMP is partially genetically determined. SNPs in GALC enhance the risk for MMP, indicating that β-galactocerebrosidase may be involved in the pathogenesis of MMP. Likewise, impacts of polymorphisms in the intergenic region between CASC16 and CHD9 on the activity of neighbouring genes may facilitate the emergence of MMP. The putative role of both polymorphisms requires functional studies in the future.

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IL-4 and cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) pathway are involved in cicatricial pemphigoid scarring process

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Interleukin‐4RA gene polymorphism is associated with oral mucous membrane pemphigoid

Interleukin‐4RA gene polymorphism is associated with oral mucous membrane pemphigoid

Urban legend series: mucous membrane pemphigoid

Genomewide association study identifies GALC as susceptibility gene for mucous membrane pemphigoid

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