IL‐6 promoter polymorphism increased risks of recurrent stroke in the young patients with moderate internal carotid artery stenosis

Abstract

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Increased serum IL-6 is associated with higher risk of cerebral vascular diseases, however, the circulating levels of IL-6 vary greatly between individuals for bioenvironmental or genetic interferes by IL-6 transcription, therefore, this study was to investigate if IL-6 promoter polymorphisms predict the recurrence of young stroke. A total of 94 patients with moderate internal carotid artery stenosis and 94 healthy subjects were selected. Color Doppler was used to screen internal carotid artery stenosis, PCR restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism for genotypes. Stroke recurrence rates in patients with different genotypes of IL-6 promoter were evaluated by 1-year follow-up. The frequencies of 634C/G genotype of IL-6 promoter were CC 38.29%, CG 46.81%, and GG 14.90%, while CC 59.51%, CG 35.11%, GG 6.38% in the control group (P < 0.01). The frequency of G allele was significantly higher than that in the control group (38.30% vs 21.28%, P < 0.01). The relative risk was 2.2838, and 95% confidence interval was 1.0026 to 5.2026, adjusted age, sex, blood pressure, BMI, blood lipid levels and IL-6 (P < 0.05). The recurrent rate was 25.53% at 1-year follow-up; the recurrent rate among carriers with wild-type G allele (CG + GG genotype) was 32.76%, but CC 13.89% (P < 0.01). IL-6 G allele promoter increased stroke recurrent risk, therefore, it would be a predictor for recurrence of stroke in the young with moderate internal carotid artery stenosis.

Ischemic stroke in patients with POEMS syndrome

“…Moreover, although patients with recurrent IS did not have common stroke risks, such as traditional atherosclerotic risk factors, atrial fibrillation, cardiac vegetations, or thrombosis, [36][37][38] they had higher platelet counts than patients with singular IS, and all POEMS patients with recurrent IS who were undergoing MRA had internal carotid artery stenosis, which might partly explain the occurrence of recurrent strokes. 38,42 Although recurrent IS increased mortality in IS patients, 38,43,44 the OS rates of patients with POEMS syndrome who had either singular and recurrent IS were similar.…”

Identification of the key genes and immune infiltrating cells determined by sex differences in ischaemic stroke through co‐expression network module

“…IL‐6 released after stroke can aggravate cerebrovascular damage by activating NMDI‐Rs and up‐regulating the enhancement of ET‐1 and JNK. Moreover, IL‐6, a gene promoter, is the main predictor for stroke recurrence in young adults with moderate internal carotid artery stenosis [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Prevention of Non-Cardiogenic Ischemic Stroke: Towards Personalized Stroke Care

“…Increased serum IL-6 per se is associated with higher risk of cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases. The circulating levels of IL-6 vary greatly between young individuals with moderate internal carotid artery stenosis (54). Recently, IL-6 G allele promoter emerged as a novel predictor for recurrence of stroke in the young (54).…”

“…The circulating levels of IL-6 vary greatly between young individuals with moderate internal carotid artery stenosis (54). Recently, IL-6 G allele promoter emerged as a novel predictor for recurrence of stroke in the young (54). Besides, other inflammatory markers have also been associated with tissue damage due to acute ischemic stroke, such as IL-8, IL-9, CXCL-1 (55).…”