Image analysis of sludge aggregates

Smoczyński, L.; Ratnaweera, Harsha; Kosobucka, Marta; Smoczyński, Michał

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2013.09.030

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It was experimentally demonstrated that in the absence of P-PO 4 it is impossible to remove even a small amount of dye L by chemical coagulation of its aqueous solution. However, coagulation of L solution proceeds effectively and efficiently in the presence of phosphate ions [42] and for this reason we decided to use this composition of synthetic wastewater in the present study. The sludge samples submitted for further tests were obtained in wastewater coagulation by: (a) PIX 113, a ferric coagulant (based on Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) widely used in Poland, and (b) PAX 18, pre-polymerised aluminum coagulant, an alternative to PIX.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Sludge Particles Formed during Coagulation of Synthetic and Municipal Wastewater for Increasing the Sludge Dewatering Efficiency

Smoczyński

Kalinowski

Creţescu

et al. 2019

Water

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Municipal wastewater sludge was produced by chemical coagulation of synthetic wastewater (sww) based on Synthene Scarlet P3GL disperse dye and real municipal wastewater (nww), coagulated by commercial coagulants PAX (prepolymerised aluminum coagulant) and PIX (a ferric coagulant based on Fe2(SO4)3). An attempt was made to correlate the sludge’s dewatering capacity (in terms of capillary suction time—CST) with operation parameters for wastewater treatment, size distribution and specific surface area of the sludge particles. It was found that the presence of phosphate ions in the system facilitates the removal efficiency of the above-mentioned dye (L) due to the interaction between the dye molecules and H2PO4− ions. Unlike sww, negatively charged organic substances (sorg) in nww are directly adsorbed on the surface of colloidal particles {Fe(OH)3} and {Al(OH)3} (prtc). It was also discovered that an increase in the dose of a coagulant led to an increase of CST for sww sludge and to a decrease of CST for nww sludge. It has been suggested that flocs composed of spherical {Al(OH)3} units possessed more internal space for water than aggregates consisting of rod-shaped {Fe(OH)3} units and, consequently, it is more difficult to remove water from Al-sww sludge than from Fe-sww. The results obtained showed that smaller particles dominate in sww sludge, while larger particles are prevalent in nww sludge. To explain this distinct difference in the size distribution of particles in sludge obtained with the use of Al3+ and Fe3+, simple models of aggregation and agglomeration-flocculation processes (aaf) of treated wastewater have been proposed. Except for PIX in nww, the analyzed particles of the investigated types of sludge were characterized by similar specific surface area (Sps), regardless of the kind of sludge or the applied coagulant. Slightly larger, negatively-charged sorg bridges, anchored directly on the surface of positive prtc are more effective in closing the structure of nww sludge than small L bridges of the dye molecules anchored on the surface of prtc via H2PO4−. All the discovered aspects could lead to improved performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) by increasing the efficiency of sludge dewatering.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Sludge Particles Formed during Coagulation of Synthetic and Municipal Wastewater for Increasing the Sludge Dewatering Efficiency

Smoczyński

Kalinowski

Creţescu

et al. 2019

Water

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“…Electrocoagulation tests were carried out on an experimental set-up constructed for the purpose [ 27 ]. A diagram of the electrocoagulation reactor with a recirculation system is presented in Figure 1 (a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, two kinds of synthetic wastewater used in this research were obtained by mixing KH 2 PO 4 , NaCl and A 100 polymer in water solution with the following dye: (a) Synten Red P-3BL or (b) Synten Orange P-4RL, respectively. It has already been proved that dyes without P–PO 4 are not susceptible to chemical coagulation or electrocoagulation [ 27 ], but the mixture combining the dyes with phosphate ions meant that they were highly sensitive to coagulation and electrocoagulation. Hence, 1 L of synthetic wastewater contained 50 mg of the respective dye, 100 mg of P (P–PO 4 ), NaCl and 0.105 ml/L of A 100 polymer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the structure of sludge aggregates

Smoczyński

Ratnaweera

Kosobucka

et al. 2015

Environmental Technology

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The structure of sludge is closely associated with the process of wastewater treatment. Synthetic dyestuff wastewater and sewage were coagulated using the PAX and PIX methods, and electro-coagulated on aluminium electrodes. The processes of wastewater treatment were supported with an organic polymer. The images of surface structures of the investigated sludge were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The software image analysis permitted obtaining plots log A vs. log P, wherein A is the surface area and P is the perimeter of the object, for individual objects comprised in the structure of the sludge. The resulting database confirmed the ‘self-similarity’ of the structural objects in the studied groups of sludge, which enabled calculating their fractal dimension and proposing models for these objects. A quantitative description of the sludge aggregates permitted proposing a mechanism of the processes responsible for their formation. In the paper, also, the impact of the structure of the investigated sludge on the process of sedimentation, and dehydration of the thickened sludge after sedimentation, was discussed.

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“…This result is in a good agreement with the Lech's results. The fractal dimension of Al sludges ranged from 1.3713 to 1.4858, and the values of Fe sludges ranged from 1.2478 to 1.3564 [27]. Additionally, the fractal dimension of APAM is 1.35 [14].…”

Section: Fractal Dimension Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

Predicting the Floc Characteristics and Settling Velocity of Flocs under Variable Dosage of Polyacrylamide

Shi¹,

Zhang²,

Pei³

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In this study, floc characteristics such as fractal dimension and settling velocity were investigated through a flocculantion process with a polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculant over a range of suspended particle concentrations, suspension type and flocculant dosage. The floc's structure and morphology were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. Floc settling velocity was measured in a settling column in a laboratory. The results showed that, the surface fractal dimension ranged from 1.044 to 1.415, which quantitatively confirmed the round and layered structure of flocs observed in SEM analyses. The PAM flocculant was proved to be more effective in flocculantion process, increasing the settling velocity. Therefore, an appropriate PAM dosage is an excellent candidate as efficient flocculant. A possible flocculantion mechanism for PAM was further analyzed. For alkaline or neutral environments, adsorption and bridging effects are dominant while charge neutralization is favored in acidic conditions.

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Image analysis of sludge aggregates

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Study of Sludge Particles Formed during Coagulation of Synthetic and Municipal Wastewater for Increasing the Sludge Dewatering Efficiency

Study of Sludge Particles Formed during Coagulation of Synthetic and Municipal Wastewater for Increasing the Sludge Dewatering Efficiency

Modelling the structure of sludge aggregates

Predicting the Floc Characteristics and Settling Velocity of Flocs under Variable Dosage of Polyacrylamide

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