Image Enhancement for Digital Radiography

Lança, Luís; Silva, Augusto

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5067-2_8

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Imaging techniques, including MRI, CT, and myelography, offer detailed visualization of spinal cord lesions, facilitating precise localization and characterization of metastatic deposits. Neurological assessment, utilizing tools such as the ASIA impairment scale, further assists diagnostic and prognostic considerations [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Insights into Metastasis-Associated Spinal Cord Compression: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Review

Vavourakis,

Sakellariou,

Galanis

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: Spinal cord compression is a formidable complication of advanced cancer, and clinicians of copious specialities often have to encounter significant complex challenges in terms of diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Metastatic lesions from cancer are a common cause of spinal cord compression, affecting a substantial portion of oncology patients, and only in the US has the percentage risen to 10%. Acute metastasis-correlated spinal cord compression poses a considerable clinical challenge, necessitating timely diagnosis and intervention to prevent neurological deficits. Clinical presentation is often non-specific, emphasizing the importance of thorough evaluation and appropriate differential diagnosis. Diagnostic workup involves various imaging modalities and laboratory studies to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of compression. Treatment strategies focus on pain management and preserving spinal cord function without significantly increasing patient life expectancy, while multidisciplinary approaches are often required for optimal outcomes. Prognosis depends on several factors, highlighting the importance of early intervention. We provide an up-to-date overview of acute spinal cord compression in metastases, accentuating the importance of comprehensive management strategies. Objectives: This paper extensively explores the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, treatment modalities, and prognosis associated with spinal cord metastases. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Conclusions: We aim to help healthcare professionals make informed clinical decisions when treating patients with spinal cord metastases by synthesizing current evidence and clinical insights.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All patients should undergo plain radiography for imaging studies, which is useful for detecting bony destruction (osteolytic or osteoblastic) [ 30 ], vertebral subluxation, collapse, and calcification. Owl-eye erosion in the lumbar spine AP view is characteristic of metastatic disease (90% of symptomatic patients).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Insights into Metastasis-Associated Spinal Cord Compression: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Review

Vavourakis,

Sakellariou,

Galanis

et al. 2024

JCM

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“…This main dataset contained images acquired by three different X-ray devices in two institutions: 394 images acquired by a Fujifilm FDR smart FGX device in institution 1; 244 images acquired by the same device model (Fujifilm FDR smart FGX) in institution 2; 192 images acquired by a general electric (GE) revolution XRD device in institution 2; and 94 images acquired by a Carestream DRX Evolution Plus device in institution 2. Note that Fujifilm and Carestream devices have the same type of response function (logarithmic), while GE has a different type (linear) 16 , 17 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of deep learning generalization across two centers and multiple models of X-ray devices using COVID-19 chest-X rays

Fernández-Miranda,

Fraguela,

de Linera-Alperi

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Generalization of deep learning (DL) algorithms is critical for the secure implementation of computer-aided diagnosis systems in clinical practice. However, broad generalization remains to be a challenge in machine learning. This research aims to identify and study potential factors that can affect the internal validation and generalization of DL networks, namely the institution where the images come from, the image processing applied by the X-ray device, and the type of response function of the X-ray device. For these purposes, a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) (VGG16) was trained three times for classifying COVID-19 and control chest radiographs with the same hyperparameters, but using different combinations of data acquired in two institutions by three different X-ray device manufacturers. Regarding internal validation, the addition of images from an external institution to the training set did not modify the algorithm’s internal performance, however, the inclusion of images acquired by a device from a different manufacturer decreased the performance up to 8% (p < 0.05). In contrast, generalization across institutions and X-ray devices with the same type of response function was achieved. Nonetheless, generalization was not observed across devices with different types of response function. This factor was the key impediment to achieving broad generalization in our research, followed by the device’s image-processing and the inter-institutional differences, which both reduced generalization performance to 18.9% (p < 0.05), and 9.8% (p < 0.05), respectively. Finally, clustering analysis with features extracted by the CNN was performed, revealing a substantial dependence of feature values extracted by the pre-trained CNN on the X-ray device which acquired the images.

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Image Enhancement for Digital Radiography

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Comprehensive Insights into Metastasis-Associated Spinal Cord Compression: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Review

Comprehensive Insights into Metastasis-Associated Spinal Cord Compression: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Review

A retrospective study of deep learning generalization across two centers and multiple models of X-ray devices using COVID-19 chest-X rays

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