Image-guided endoscopic surgery for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hematoma

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Endoscopic removal of intracerebral hematomas is becoming increasingly common, but there is no standard technique. The authors explored the use of a simple image-guided endoscopic method for removal of spontaneous supratentorial hematomas. METHODS Virtual reality technology based on a hospital picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) was used in 3D hematoma visualization and surgical planning. Augmented reality based on an Android smartphone app, Sina neurosurgical assist, allowed a projection of the hematoma to be seen on the patient's scalp to facilitate selection of the best trajectory to the center of the hematoma. A obturator and transparent sheath were used to establish a working channel, and an endoscope and a metal suction apparatus were used to remove the hematoma. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were included in the study, including 18 with putamen hemorrhages and 7 with lobar cerebral hemorrhages. Virtual reality combined with augmented reality helped in achieving the desired position with the obturator and sheath. The median time from the initial surgical incision to completion of closure was 50 minutes (range 40-70 minutes). The actual endoscopic operating time was 30 (range 15-50) minutes. The median blood loss was 80 (range 40-150) ml. No patient experienced postoperative rebleeding. The average hematoma evacuation rate was 97%. The mean (± SD) preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 6.7 ± 3.2; 1 week after hematoma evacuation the mean GCS score had improved to 11.9 ± 3.1 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Virtual reality using hospital PACS and augmented reality with a smartphone app helped precisely localize hematomas and plan the appropriate endoscopic approach. A transparent sheath helped establish a surgical channel, and an endoscope enabled observation of the hematoma's location to achieve satisfactory hematoma removal.

Comparison of endoscopic evacuation, stereotactic aspiration, and craniotomy for treatment of basal ganglia hemorrhage

“…All craniotomy hematoma evacuation surgery followed the principle of minimal invasiveness. Surgery procedures were based on the method described in the previous study 11–13. A CT scan was carried out 24 hours after surgery to evaluate the hematoma evacuation efficiency of the operation.…”

Endoscopic Surgery Without Decompressive Craniectomy in Large Putaminal Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Assessment of Efficacy and Safety

“…With the rapid advancement of imaging software and transparent tube sheath, endoscopic surgery has gradually become an effective and well-accepted method for treating ICH [9][10][11][12][13]. Endoscopic hematoma evacuation has become well received for its high evacuation rate and less complication, especially in patients with moderatesized hematoma [14]. In the present study, we applied endoscopic surgery without DC for patients with large putaminal ICH and assessed the efficacy and safety of this procedure.…”

Endoscopic assisted key-hole surgery for subacute subdural hematoma evacuation in emergency situations

“…4,10,13 We previously reported that endoscopic removal of intracerebral hematomas arising from spontaneous non-vascular malformations achieved satisfactory results. 9 In this study, endoscopic removal of subacute subdural hematomas was performed. The small bone window created in the present study group was slightly larger than that made in burr hole drainage, but a much smaller window was created than that used in common bone flap craniotomy in control group.…”