Image steganography based on LSB substitution and encryption method: adaptive LSB+3

Solak, Serdar; Altınışık, Umut

doi:10.1117/1.jei.28.4.043025

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Formulas showing the calculation of the mean square error (MSE) and PSNR values are given in (34) and (35). M and N values represent the size of the images in (34) [10,38].…”

Section: Experimental Results and Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SSIM values are between 0 and 1, which is close to 1 indicates that the original and result images are akin. The SSIM value is computed as presented in (36) [10].…”

Section: Experimental Results and Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, the steganography technique is utilized in many applications for instance medical, military, commercial, authentication, internet of things (IoT) based applications [3]- [7]. In these applications, the image and video files are generally preferred due to their high embedding-capacity as carrier media in order to hide data [8]- [10]. When the carrier media used to hide secret data is the image, it is called image steganography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the secret data is generally applied to the encryption process with secret key before the embedding procedure to happen more securely. After the encryption process, the stego image is obtained by using data hiding algorithm [8], [10]. A good data hiding algorithm has to have high embedding capacity, good visual quality, imperceptibility and low complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, researchers have improved on data hiding algorithms that require low computation time with acceptable visual quality at high embedding capacity in recent years. The least significant bits (LSB) [10]- [14], pixel value difference (PVD) [15]- [19], and exploiting modification direction (EMD) [20]- [24] algorithms are the most commonly used methods of image steganography in the spatial domain. The LSB substitution, PVD, and EMD algorithms are used together in the literature and it is observed good visual quality, high embedding capacity, and more secure [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Embedding Capacity Data Hiding Technique Based on EMSD and LSB Substitution Algorithms

Solak

2020

IEEE Access

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Data hiding called steganography is a security technique to protect secret data throughout the transmission from malicious attackers. The purposes of steganography are to obtain good stego-image quality, high embedding-capacity, low computational complexity, visual imperceptibility, undetectability, and more security. In this paper, we offer a new hybrid image steganography technique based on least significant bit (LSB) substitution and enhanced modified signed digit (EMSD) algorithms. The proposed algorithm utilizes n adjacent cover image pixels to hide the secret data with EMSD algorithm, and least significant k-bit for LSB substitution algorithm. Hence, it has more embedding capacity than the EMSD algorithm and exploiting modification direction (EMD) based algorithms. We obtain that the stego-image quality is better than 43 dB when the payload is 2.404 bpp. The results of experiment represent that this algorithm ensures high embedding-capacity while preserving acceptable visual stego image quality that can be undetectable by human eyes. Also, the hybrid of the EMSD and LSB substitution algorithms is to difficult for malicious people to consolidate data by scrambling secret data bits. INDEX TERMS Data hiding, Data security, EMD (exploiting modification direction), EMSD (enhanced modified signed digit), GEMD (generalized exploiting modification direction), LSB (least significant bit), SMSD (sparse modified signed digit),

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“…Formulas showing the calculation of the mean square error (MSE) and PSNR values are given in (34) and (35). M and N values represent the size of the images in (34) [10,38].…”

Section: Experimental Results and Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SSIM values are between 0 and 1, which is close to 1 indicates that the original and result images are akin. The SSIM value is computed as presented in (36) [10].…”

Section: Experimental Results and Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

High Embedding Capacity Data Hiding Technique Based on EMSD and LSB Substitution Algorithms

Solak

2020

IEEE Access

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A high imperceptible data hiding technique using quorum function

Govind

Varghese

Judy

2021

Multimed Tools Appl

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Dynamic data hiding capacity enhancement for the Hybrid Near Maximum Histogram image steganography based on Multi-Pixel-Pair approach

Sondas,

Erturk

2024

Multimed Tools Appl

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Increasing data hiding capacity and making it difficult to detect presence of any confidential data in stego images are the key objectives in contemporary image steganography research ever-improving the embedding efficiency. With regard to these crucial and challenging points, a new Multi-Pixel-Pair (MPP)-based data hiding approach is proposed in this paper. It can dynamically increase data embedding capacity of the classical Hybrid Near Maximum Histogram (HNMH) image steganography method while well-maintaining the embedding efficiency. In the proposed MPP approach, the peak value as a reference point in the histogram distribution of a cover image is obtained, and accordingly the pixel-pairs of interest where secret data is to be embedded are determined. Then, the pixels of the cover image are scanned sequentially and data hiding is performed on the relevant pixels by using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method. In an extensive experimental study of the proposed MPP approach, it is shown that the classical HNMH data hiding capacity is dynamically improved 4.74 to 37.48 times while the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) decreases between 6.62 and 13.75 dB, implying both a reasonable trade-off and 7.61% enhanced embedding efficiency performance. Moreover, using the well-known cover image partitioning technique, offering significant improvements in image steganography, and the proposed MPP approach together, can further extend the data hiding capacity about 7.05%.

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Image steganography based on LSB substitution and encryption method: adaptive LSB+3

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

High Embedding Capacity Data Hiding Technique Based on EMSD and LSB Substitution Algorithms

High Embedding Capacity Data Hiding Technique Based on EMSD and LSB Substitution Algorithms

A high imperceptible data hiding technique using quorum function

Dynamic data hiding capacity enhancement for the Hybrid Near Maximum Histogram image steganography based on Multi-Pixel-Pair approach

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