Image Watermarking Scheme Using LSB and Image Gradient

Faheem, Zaid Bin; Ali, Mohsin; Raza, Muhammad Ahsan; Arslan, Farrukh; Ali, Jehad; Masud, Mehedi

doi:10.3390/app12094202

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These two parameters help in image watermarking and provide information about positions feasible for watermark insertion and extraction. The convolution masks used for canny edge detection are [ 35 ]. Figure 1 shows the Convolution mask for canny edge detection.…”

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image Watermarking Using Least Significant Bit and Canny Edge Detection

Faheem

Ishaq

Rustam

et al. 2023

Sensors

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With the advancement in information technology, digital data stealing and duplication have become easier. Over a trillion bytes of data are generated and shared on social media through the internet in a single day, and the authenticity of digital data is currently a major problem. Cryptography and image watermarking are domains that provide multiple security services, such as authenticity, integrity, and privacy. In this paper, a digital image watermarking technique is proposed that employs the least significant bit (LSB) and canny edge detection method. The proposed method provides better security services and it is computationally less expensive, which is the demand of today’s world. The major contribution of this method is to find suitable places for watermarking embedding and provides additional watermark security by scrambling the watermark image. A digital image is divided into non-overlapping blocks, and the gradient is calculated for each block. Then convolution masks are applied to find the gradient direction and magnitude, and non-maximum suppression is applied. Finally, LSB is used to embed the watermark in the hysteresis step. Furthermore, additional security is provided by scrambling the watermark signal using our chaotic substitution box. The proposed technique is more secure because of LSB’s high payload and watermark embedding feature after a canny edge detection filter. The canny edge gradient direction and magnitude find how many bits will be embedded. To test the performance of the proposed technique, several image processing, and geometrical attacks are performed. The proposed method shows high robustness to image processing and geometrical attacks.

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Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image Watermarking Using Least Significant Bit and Canny Edge Detection

Faheem

Ishaq

Rustam

et al. 2023

Sensors

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…In the literature, there are many publications on embedding a watermark in a static image using the classical methods [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. These methods use the whole image or some of its regions, constituting the areas of interest.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods use the whole image or some of its regions, constituting the areas of interest. The least significant bit method [ 9 , 32 ], as its name implies, uses the least significant bit of each channel value of a given colour palette, affecting the image slightly, but it is prone to losing the watermark due to all kinds of conversions. The whole image is also influenced by methods that manipulate the frequency domain [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], which are characterized by better survival despite various types of conversions than are those generated via the method of the least significant bit.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Quality Video Watermarking Based on Deep Neural Networks and Adjustable Subsquares Properties Algorithm

Kaczyński

Piotrowski

2022

Sensors

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This paper presents a method of high-capacity and transparent watermarking based on the usage of deep neural networks with the adjustable subsquares properties algorithm to encode the data of a watermark in high-quality video using the H.265/HEVC (High-Efficiency Video Coding) codec. The aim of the article is to present a method of embedding a watermark in a video with HEVC codec compression by making changes in a video in a way that is not noticeable to the naked eye. The method presented here is characterised by focusing on ensuring the accuracy of the original image in relation to the watermarked image, providing the transparency of the embedded watermark, while ensuring its survival after compression by the HEVC codec. The article includes a presentation of the practical results of watermark embedding with a built-in variation mechanism of its capacity and resistance, thanks to the adjustable subsquares properties algorithm. The obtained PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) results are at the level of 40 dB or better. There is the possibility of the complete recovery of a watermark from a single frame compressed in the CRF (constant rate factor) range of up to 16, resulting in a BER (bit error rate) equal to 0 for the received watermark.

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“…Authors in [18], proposed a Least Significant Bits (LSB) spatial watermarking approach through an image gradient and chaotic map. The image is divided into non overlapping blocks, and the gradient of each block is calculated.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Informed Non-Blind Medical Image Watermarking Based on Local Binary Pattern

Laouamer¹

2022

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Medical image watermarking represents a promising alternative tool regarding many security aspects such: digital rights, authenticity and integrity and content protection issues. Achieving a successful watermarking should be achieved by choosing the most significant and important patterns describing the image. This strategy should also ensure a tradeoff between the robustness of the watermark against attacks and the computational time both for watermark embedding and extracting processes. In this paper, an informed medical image watermarking scheme is proposed based on local binary pattern LBP. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is an effective texture descriptor for images by providing the texture regions of interests concerned by watermarking. A watermark is built based on the significant information extracted from the host image by through the LBP descriptor. LBP image will be addressed to be embedded using a linear interpolation. Scenarios of geometric and non-geometric attacks have been realized on the watermarked images to evaluate the robustness of the embedded watermark in the extraction process. Furthermore, the obtained experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach regarding the watermark imperceptibility and robustness.

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Image Watermarking Scheme Using LSB and Image Gradient

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Image Watermarking Using Least Significant Bit and Canny Edge Detection

Image Watermarking Using Least Significant Bit and Canny Edge Detection

High-Quality Video Watermarking Based on Deep Neural Networks and Adjustable Subsquares Properties Algorithm

New Informed Non-Blind Medical Image Watermarking Based on Local Binary Pattern

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