Imaging and Analysis of Encapsulated Objects through Self‐Assembled Electron and Optically Transparent Graphene Oxide Membranes

Yulaev, Alexander; Lipatov, Alexey; Lu, Annie Xi; Sinitskii, Alexander; Leite, Marina S.; Kolmakov, Andrei

doi:10.1002/admi.201600734

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Encapsulation of GO membranes, papers, and thin films in solid and plastic enveloping materials was reported in many studies. [13,[62][63][64] For example, the membranes are often fixed using metallic rings for permeation tests. [53] Once the membrane is exposed to water or other polar solvents, it will develop pressure under the fixing rings or screws.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling Pressures of Graphite Oxide and Graphene Oxide Membranes in Water and Ethanol

Iakunkov

Boulanger

Nordenström

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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the methods commonly used for the preparation of GO thin films and freestanding foils/membranes.Most of the applications cited above are enabled by the ability of GO multilayers to swell in polar solvents similarly to their precursor graphite oxides. [18][19][20][21][22] In this respect GO is similar to very common clay minerals, e.g., montmorillonites, [23] vermiculites, [24] and bentonites. [25] Swelling occurs in these materials due to sorption of water (or other solvents) between 2D layers and the expansion of interlayered distance. [26][27][28] The driving force of swelling is hydration of anions in clay minerals and hydration of interlayer functional groups in GO. The crystalline swelling refers to layer-by-layer intercalation of solvent. Osmotic swelling is controlled by the relatively easy flow of solvent in and out of structure regulated by osmotic effects. [29][30][31][32][33] Remarkably, crystalline swelling is found for Brodie GO in all so far studied solvents except water [34][35][36][37][38] while for Hummers GO only osmotic-like swelling was so far reported. [37,39,40] Adding water to clays under conditions of confinement is known to produce pressures in the range of tens or even hundreds of bar. [25,41,42] Swelling pressure is complex phenomena, which depends on many parameters, e.g., degree of compaction, [25] concentration of salts in solution, [43] temperature [44] etc. It is an important factor, e.g., in construction works since the pressure is sufficient to induce damage in buildings or roads. Swelling pressure has been studied in detail for clay minerals but so far not reported for multilayered GO and graphite oxides. At the same time, the swelling pressure is an important factor affecting performance of GO membranes.The swelling of GO membranes is directly related to the size of "permeation channels" which enable a flow of solvents and solutions. Strong variation in the size of the "permeation channels" is observed in GO membranes depending on the solvent used, [45] concentration and chemical nature of dissolved molecules or ions, [17] shelf storage time, [40] and many other parameters related to the preparation of membranes. For example, the swelling in liquid ethanol was reported with significant scatter providing d(001) values in the range ≈11-17.7 Å. [10,16,46,47] Swelling in longer alcohols provides interlayer distances up to ≈50 Å. [10,48] There are also examples showing that the swelling of GO membranes can be significantly different compared to precursor graphite oxides. [16,17] Strong variation of interlayer distance in swollen GO membranes is a problem for nanofiltration applications, which require Swelling of graphene oxide (GO) membranes and bulk graphite oxide under confinement conditions is found to produce pressures up to ≈220 bar. Swelling pressure is important to take into account in many applications of GO membranes, but it has not been previously reported. Swelling pressures are typically measured only for bulk materials. However, it is demonstrated that even µm thick GO ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling Pressures of Graphite Oxide and Graphene Oxide Membranes in Water and Ethanol

Iakunkov

Boulanger

Nordenström

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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“…Various techniques such as drop casting [72], spray coating [73], dip coating [74], layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly [75,76], and vacuum/pressure [77,78] have been used for the fabrication of graphene-and composite-based nanofiltration membranes. Drop casting is a simple method to fabricate GO films that is insensitive to the shape of the substrate.…”

Section: Graphene Oxide Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Advancing Two-Dimensional Material Membranes for Ultrafast and Highly Selective Liquid Separation

Zhang

Zheng

Yu³

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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Membrane-based nanotechnology possesses high separation efficiency, low economic and energy consumption, continuous operation modes and environmental benefits, and has been utilized in various separation fields. Two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) with unique atomic thickness have rapidly emerged as ideal building blocks to develop high-performance separation membranes. By rationally tailoring and precisely controlling the nanochannels and/or nanoporous apertures of 2DNMs, 2DNM-based membranes are capable of exhibiting unprecedentedly high permeation and selectivity properties. In this review, the latest breakthroughs in using 2DNM-based membranes as nanosheets and laminar membranes are summarized, including their fabrication, structure design, transport behavior, separation mechanisms, and applications in liquid separations. Examples of advanced 2D material (graphene family, 2D TMDs, MXenes, metal–organic frameworks, and covalent organic framework nanosheets) membrane designs with remarkably perm-selective properties are highlighted. Additionally, the development of strategies used to functionalize membranes with 2DNMs are discussed. Finally, current technical challenges and emerging research directions of advancing 2DNM membranes for liquid separation are shared.

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“…For optical microscopies and X-ray scattering, tubing materials are typically polydimethylsiloxane with 1µm thickness (Firpo et al, 2015), inappropriate for LC-EMs. Multilayered graphene oxide membranes used in LC-EMs are both electron-and optically-transparent (Yulaev et al, 2016), serving as a great candidate for microfluidic EM, rendering the technique feasible.…”

Section: In Situ Imaging Using Microfluidic Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Electron Microscopy of Complex Biological and Nanoscale Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

Han

Porter

2020

Front. Nanotechnol.

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In situ imaging for direct visualization is important for physical and biological sciences. Research endeavors into elucidating dynamic biological and nanoscale phenomena frequently necessitate in situ and time-resolved imaging. In situ liquid cell electron microscopy (LC-EM) can overcome certain limitations of conventional electron microscopies and offer great promise. This review aims to examine the status-quo and practical challenges of in situ LC-EM and its applications, and to offer insights into a novel correlative technique termed microfluidic liquid cell electron microscopy. We conclude by suggesting a few research ideas adopting microfluidic LC-EM for in situ imaging of biological and nanoscale systems.

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Imaging and Analysis of Encapsulated Objects through Self‐Assembled Electron and Optically Transparent Graphene Oxide Membranes

Cited by 9 publications

References 70 publications

Swelling Pressures of Graphite Oxide and Graphene Oxide Membranes in Water and Ethanol

Swelling Pressures of Graphite Oxide and Graphene Oxide Membranes in Water and Ethanol

A Review of Advancing Two-Dimensional Material Membranes for Ultrafast and Highly Selective Liquid Separation

In situ Electron Microscopy of Complex Biological and Nanoscale Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

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