Imaging and Analysis of THz Surface Plasmon Polariton Waves with the Integrated Sub-wavelength Aperture Probe

Mueckstein, Raimund; Graham, Christopher; Renaud, Cyril C.; Seeds, A.J.; Harrington, James A.; Mitrofanov, Oleg

doi:10.1007/s10762-011-9811-8

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…3,4 In this THz microscopy system, a flat metallic surface with a small aperture is interacting with the antenna. It was found that placing the metallic plane of the probe close to a surface, which supports a Z-TSW, enhances the field of this wave (by of factor of 10 for a 3 lm separation between antenna and the probe) whereas the wave properties (the angular distribution of wave vectors) remain determined by the supporting surface geometry and stay practically unaffected by the metallic plane of the probe.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A subwavelength size particle is attached to the surface of one of the bow-tie arms and the sample is scanned (together with the output end of the waveguide) with respect to an integrated sub-wavelength aperture THz NF probe. 3,4,26,27 The THz NF probe has an aperture of d ¼ 10 lm and an integrated photoconductive antenna detector. 23,27 The overall spatial resolution of this NF probe is determined by the aperture size and the distance to the sample.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…When the NF probe-sample separation is less than d/3 and thus the evanescent fields of high spatial frequency can be collected by the NF probe, the spatial resolution equals approximately the aperture size d. 23 The probe can detect THz surface waves as well as the incident THz wave, producing a sum of two signals: one is proportional to the temporal derivative of the horizontally polarized electric field (E x ) of the incoming THz pulse 28 and the other is proportional to the spatial derivative of the out-of-plane electric field (dE z /dx) of the Z-TSW. 3,4,26 In the area of the bow-tie antenna, where the incident THz wave is blocked by the metal, only the contribution of the Z-TSW, dE z /d x , remains. Typical detected surface wave patterns on plain bow-tie antennas can be found in Refs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Spatial xy-maps of the field in the vicinity of the sample are measured at different distances z of the probe from the bow-tie surface to ensure that the field mapping is done at the closest sample-probe separation. Space-time maps 3 are recorded to confirm surface wave excitation at the bow-tie edges. Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2(b)), the particle shows practically no effect on the ZTSWs and the field pattern is symmetric. 3,4 The surface wave fully develops within the bow-tie in the following picosecond. At t $ 1.25 ps (Fig.…”

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Terahertz imaging of sub-wavelength particles with Zenneck surface waves

Navarro‐Cía

Natrella

Dominec

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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Impact of sub-wavelength-size dielectric particles on Zenneck surface waves on planar metallic antennas is investigated at terahertz (THz) frequencies with THz near-field probe microscopy. Perturbations of the surface waves show the particle presence, despite its sub-wavelength size. The experimental configuration, which utilizes excitation of surface waves at metallic edges, is suitable for THz imaging of dielectric sub-wavelength size objects. As a proof of concept, the effects of a small strontium titanate rectangular particle and a titanium dioxide sphere on the surface field of a bow-tie antenna are experimentally detected and verified using full-wave simulations.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Terahertz imaging of sub-wavelength particles with Zenneck surface waves

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et al. 2013

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Noninvasive Near‐Field Spectroscopy of Single Subwavelength Complementary Resonators

Hale

Keller

Siday

et al. 2020

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Subwavelength metallic resonators provide a route to achieving strong light–matter coupling by means of tight confinement of resonant electromagnetic fields. Investigation of such resonators however often presents experimental difficulties, particularly at terahertz (THz) frequencies. A single subwavelength resonator interacts weakly with THz beams, making it difficult to probe it using far‐field methods, whereas arrays of resonators exhibit inter‐resonator coupling, which affect the resonator spectral signature and field confinement. Here, traditional far‐field THz spectroscopy is systematically compared with aperture‐type THz near‐field microscopy for investigating complementary THz resonators. While the far‐field method proves impractical for measuring single resonators, the near‐field technique gives high signal‐to‐noise spectral information, only achievable in the far‐field with resonator arrays. At the same time, the near‐field technique allows to analyze single resonators without significant interaction with the near‐field probe. Furthermore, the near‐field technique allows highly confined fields and surface waves to be mapped in space and time. This information gives invaluable insight into spectral response in resonator arrays. This near‐field microscopy and spectroscopy method enables investigations of strong light–matter coupling at THz frequencies in the single‐resonator regime.

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Holographic Nano‐Imaging of Terahertz Dirac Plasmon Polaritons in Topological Insulator Antenna Resonators

Pistore,

Viti,

Schiattarella

et al. 2023

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Excitation of Dirac plasmon polaritons (DPPs) in bi‐dimensional materials have attracted considerable interest in recent years, both from perspectives of understanding their physics and exploring their transformative potential for nanophotonic devices, including ultra‐sensitive plasmonic sensors, ultrafast saturable absorbers, modulators, and switches. Topological insulators (TIs) represent an ideal technological platform in this respect because they can support plasmon polaritons formed by Dirac carriers in the topological surface states. Tracing propagation of DPPs is a very challenging task, particularly at terahertz (THz) frequencies, where the DPP wavelength becomes over one order of magnitude shorter than the free space photon wavelength. Furthermore, severe attenuation hinders the comprehensive analysis of their characteristics. Here, the properties of DPPs in real TI‐based devices are revealed. Bi2Se3 rectangular antennas can efficiently confine the propagation of DPPs to a single dimension and, as a result, enhance the DPPs visibility despite the strong intrinsic attenuation. The plasmon dispersion and loss properties from plasmon profiles are experimentally determined, along the antennas, obtained using holographic near‐field nano‐imaging in a wide range of THz frequencies, from 2.05 to 4.3 THz. The detailed investigation of the unveiled DPP properties can guide the design of novel topological quantum devices exploiting their directional propagation.

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Imaging and Analysis of THz Surface Plasmon Polariton Waves with the Integrated Sub-wavelength Aperture Probe

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Terahertz imaging of sub-wavelength particles with Zenneck surface waves

Terahertz imaging of sub-wavelength particles with Zenneck surface waves

Noninvasive Near‐Field Spectroscopy of Single Subwavelength Complementary Resonators

Holographic Nano‐Imaging of Terahertz Dirac Plasmon Polaritons in Topological Insulator Antenna Resonators

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