Imaging Characteristics and Diagnostic Challenges of Alveolar Hydatid Disease in The Liver: A Comprehensive Analysis

Abstract

Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD) of the liver, primarily caused by the parasitic infection Echinococcus multilocularis, presents a formidable diagnostic challenge. This disease mimics a range of hepatic conditions, complicating accurate identification and timely treatment. Our study aimed to delineate the distinct imaging characteristics of AHD, facilitating better diagnostic accuracy. In this prospective study, we analysed the imaging results from thirty-five patients with confirmed AHD, either through pathology or serology. Utilizing contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), we thoroughly evaluated the radiological signatures specific to AHD. The findings demonstrated that amorphous calcifications, a hallmark of AHD, were consistently present across all patients in CT scans. MRI revealed a predominant pattern of large solid lesions accompanied by significant cystic or necrotic components. These imaging traits are critical in differentiating AHD from other hepatic diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic liver disease, which often present with similar symptoms but require vastly different treatment approaches. Our study underscores the necessity of recognizing these specific imaging patterns early in the diagnostic process, a step that is crucial for the implementation of effective treatment strategies. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the imaging characteristics of AHD, highlighting the role of advanced imaging techniques in improving diagnostic accuracy. These findings are a significant contribution to the medical field, especially for radiologists and clinicians dealing with hepatic diseases, enhancing patient outcomes through precise diagnosis and timely intervention.