Imaging Findings in a Case of Carcinoma Oesophagus Presenting with an Intra-Atrial Mass on Echocardiography

Abstract

A 53-year-old male presented to our tertiary care center with complaints of palpitation and difficulty in breathing on exertion which was insidious in onset and gradually progressive. He had a history of back ache and significant weight loss. His physical examination and initial laboratory work up revealed no obvious abnormality. His initial radiological investigation involved chest roentgenogram which revealed cardiomegaly with mediastinal widening and haziness in left lower lung zone (Figure 1). His (electrocardiogram) ECG revealed normal sinus rhythm. Later, patient underwent echocardiography which revealed normal systolic flow with a mass extending up to pericardium (measuring 6.9 x 4.1 cm) in left atrium obstructing mitral flow and minimal pericardial effusion. He was sent to our department for contrast enhanced computerised tomography (CT) thorax scan to evaluate the extension of the left intra atrial mass which revealed a heterogeneously enhancing circumferential wall thickening in mid oesophagus extending from T7 - T11 for an approximate length of 8.3 cm with a single wall thickness of 2.3 cm in left lateral wall. There was also a heterogeneously enhancing lobulated soft tissue density mass with hypodense area within measuring 6.4 (CC) x 7.3 (AP) x 7.9 (TR) cm in left paraesophageal region infiltrating into adjacent pulmonary vessels and left atrium forming a large intracavitary mass with collapse of adjacent lung parenchyma and pericardial effusion with a maximum depth of 1.7 cm (Figure 2 & 3). Multiple enlarged lymph nodes were noted in paratracheal, pretracheal precranial and perivascular regions, largest measuring 1.2 cm in SAD in paratracheal regions (Figure 2B). Based on the imaging findings we made the diagnosis of malignant oesophageal growth with metastatic paraesophageal nodal mass infiltrating into adjacent pulmonary vessels and left atrium forming a large intra-cavitary mass. On following up, endoscopic workup revealed a nodular growth in oesophagus extending from 33 to 38 cms with intact overlying mucosa (Figure 4). On histopathological examination of the specimen taken from the oesophageal growth revealed to be squamous cell carcinoma infiltrating to muscle coat.