Imaging innate immunity*

Abstract

The use of microscopes for the study of immune cells dates back to the 19th century with the German Pathologist Rudolf Virchow being one of the most prominent leaders in the field early on. It was him who coined the term "Zellularpathologie" (cellular pathology 1 ), while the famous concept associated with this theory, "omnis cellula e cellula" (all cells are derived from previous cells) was probably not originally from him. 2 Virchow was one of the earliest who observed by microscopy that inflammatory cells isolated from a punctured hydrocele were motile. Considering the inflammatory condition where they were harvested from and when looking at the images in his publication it might well be that he was looking at neutrophil granulocytes or macrophages at the time. 3 Hence, this could be the first description of the motility of these cells. More well-known are the famous studies by the Ukranian scientist Ilya Metchnikoff 20 years

Immune Defences: A View from the Side of the Essential Oils

“…PMNs are important effectors of the innate immune system, representing the first line of defense along with monocyte cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, etc. [ 15 , 21 ]. The effects of thyme red oil (26.52% thymol chemotype), Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (tea tree oil, TTO), and Mentha x piperita (Huds) var.…”

ComplexEye - a multi lens array microscope for High-Throughput embedded immune cell migration analysis

“…Physiologically, cell migration occurs in intact organs where it is studied with advanced intravital microscopy 24,25 . However, intravital microscopy is not suitable for HT analyses and also unavailable for human cells.…”

Imaging strategies for monitoring the immune response

“…Immunological assessment is to monitor and evaluate the immune status of the body before and after immunotherapy using invasive or non-invasive manners. [19][20][21][22][23] The level and state of immune cells in each person are different. Real-time immunological assessment can fully reflect the current state of immune function.…”

“…Immunological assessment can help distinguish immune responders and non-responders. 20,[25][26][27][28] On this basis, the types and programs of cell therapy can be more accurate and effective. After treatment, the immune reconstitution status of the patient needs to be regularly evaluated to determine whether the patients are relieved from immunosuppression.…”