Imaging of sleep disorders in pre-Parkinsonian syndromes

Ota, Yutaka; Kanel, Prabesh; Bohnen, Nicolaas I.

doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000001084

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Compared with previous review articles on this topic, we included many more eligible articles. Those reviews chose either to discuss neuroimaging findings in iRBD in general (including nuclear medicine or ultrasound techniques, drastically limiting the coverage of MRI anomalies) [5,[103][104][105][106][107][108] or simply not to cover new MRI techniques available nowadays (such as neuromelanin or spectrometry) [109,110]. Second, MEDLINE and Google Scholar are among the most used databases worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic Review

Grimaldi,

Guye,

Bianciardi

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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The increasing number of MRI studies focused on prodromal Parkinson’s Disease (PD) demonstrates a strong interest in identifying early biomarkers capable of monitoring neurodegeneration. In this systematic review, we present the latest information regarding the most promising MRI markers of neurodegeneration in relation to the most specific prodromal symptoms of PD, namely isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). We reviewed structural, diffusion, functional, iron-sensitive, neuro-melanin-sensitive MRI, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies conducted between 2000 and 2023, which yielded a total of 77 relevant papers. Among these markers, iron and neuromelanin emerged as the most robust and promising indicators for early neurodegenerative processes in iRBD. Atrophy was observed in several regions, including the frontal and temporal cortices, limbic cortices, and basal ganglia, suggesting that neurodegenerative processes had been underway for some time. Diffusion and functional MRI produced heterogeneous yet intriguing results. Additionally, reduced glymphatic clearance function was reported. Technological advancements, such as the development of ultra-high field MRI, have enabled the exploration of minute anatomical structures and the detection of previously undetectable anomalies. The race to achieve early detection of neurodegeneration is well underway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic Review

Grimaldi,

Guye,

Bianciardi

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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“…Functional MRI studies (f-MRI) showed altered connectivity not only within basal ganglia, but also in cortico-striatal and cortico-cortical networks. 60 …”

Section: Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder and Biomarkers For Phenoconversi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in the Management of Parkinson’s Disease

Figorilli¹,

Meloni²,

Lanza³

et al. 2023

NSS

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Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is the result of the loss of physiological inhibition of muscle tone during REM sleep, characterized by dream-enacting behavior and widely recognized as a prodromal manifestation of alpha-synucleinopathies. Indeed, patients with isolated RBD (iRBD) have an extremely high estimated risk to develop a neurodegenerative disease after a long follow up. Nevertheless, in comparison with PD patients without RBD (PDnoRBD), the occurrence of RBD in the context of PD (PDRBD) seems to identify a unique, more malignant phenotype, characterized by a more severe burden of disease in terms of both motor and non-motor symptoms and increased risk for cognitive decline. However, while some medications (eg, melatonin, clonazepam, etc.) and non-pharmacological options have been found to have some therapeutic benefits on RBD there is no available treatment able to modify the disease course or, at least, slow down the neurodegenerative process underlying phenoconversion. In this scenario, the long prodromal phase may allow an early therapeutic window and, therefore, the identification of multimodal biomarkers of disease onset and progression is becoming increasingly crucial. To date, several clinical (motor, cognitive, olfactory, visual, and autonomic features) neurophysiological, neuroimaging, biological (biofluids or tissue biopsy), and genetic biomarkers have been identified and proposed, also in combination, as possible diagnostic or prognostic markers, along with a potential role for some of them as outcome measures and index of treatment response. In this review, we provide an insight into the present knowledge on both existing and future biomarkers of iRBD and highlight the difference with PDRBD and PDnoRBD, including currently available treatment options.

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“…Gaurav R and their research team further confirmed a decrease in both the volume and signal intensity of the SNpc in individuals with iRBD, emphasizing the role of NM‐MRI signal as a warning sign of SNpc neurodegeneration in parkinsonism (Gaurav et al, 2022). Thus, NM‐sensitive MRI examination of SNpc and LC holds promise as an imaging biomarker in the prodromal phase of PD (Mitchell et al, 2021; Ota et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromelanin‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging: Possibilities and promises as an imaging biomarker for Parkinson's disease

Yan,

Zhang,

Ren

et al. 2024

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age‐related progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non‐motor symptoms resulting from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC). The current diagnosis of PD primarily relies on motor symptoms, often leading to diagnoses in advanced stages, where a significant portion of SNpc dopamine neurons has already succumbed. Therefore, the identification of imaging biomarkers for early‐stage PD diagnosis and disease progression monitoring is imperative. Recent studies propose that neuromelanin‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM‐MRI) holds promise as an imaging biomarker. In this review, we summarize the latest findings concerning NM‐MRI characteristics at various stages in patients with PD and those with atypical parkinsonism. In conclusion, alterations in neuromelanin within the LC are associated with non‐motor symptoms and prove to be a reliable imaging biomarker in the prodromal phase of PD. Furthermore, NM‐MRI demonstrates efficacy in differentiating progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from PD and multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism. The spatial patterns of changes in the SNpc can be indicative of PD progression and aid in distinguishing between PSP and synucleinopathies. We recommend that patients with PD and individuals at risk for PD undergo regular NM‐MRI examinations. This technology holds the potential for widespread use in PD diagnosis.

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Imaging of sleep disorders in pre-Parkinsonian syndromes

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic Review

Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic Review

Considering REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in the Management of Parkinson’s Disease

Neuromelanin‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging: Possibilities and promises as an imaging biomarker for Parkinson's disease

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