Imaging the spin: Disentangling the core processes underlying mental rotation by network mapping of data from meta-analysis

Hiew, Shawn; Roothans, Jonas; Eldebakey, Hazem; Volkmann, Jens; Zeller, Daniel; Reich, Martin M.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105187

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In addition to testing for behavioural improvements on the trained auditory working memory task, the present study also looked for evidence of near and far cognitive transfers to an auditory working memory task with noise stimuli (near transfer) and to a visual mental rotation task (far transfer). Several functional imaging studies have reported increased activity in the left IPS during visual mental rotation (Alivisatos & Petrides, 1997; Cohen et al, 1996; Hiew et al, 2023; Jordan et al, 2001) and there is strong evidence implicating theta activity within the frontoparietal network in manipulation of both auditory and visual information (Kawasaki et al, 2014). Therefore, it is plausible that strengthening the oscillatory activity within this network via brain stimulation applied during auditory working memory training may induce a far transfer effect to tasks that share the same neural substrates even if they belong to distinct sensory domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information-based rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation accelerates learning during auditory working memory training

Whittaker,

Khayyat,

Fortier-Lavallée

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rhTMS) has been shown to enhance auditory working memory manipulation, specifically by boosting theta oscillatory power in the dorsal auditory pathway during task performance. It remains unclear whether these enhancements i) persist beyond the period of stimulation, ii) if they can accelerate learning and iii) if they would accumulate over several days of stimulation. In the present study, we investigated the lasting behavioural and electrophysiological effects of applying rhTMS over the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) throughout the course of seven sessions of cognitive training on an auditory working memory task. Fourteen neurologically healthy participants took part in the training protocol with an auditory working memory task while being stimulated with either theta (5Hz) rhTMS or sham TMS. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded before, throughout five training sessions and after the end of training to assess to effects of rhTMS on behavioural performance and on oscillatory entrainment of the dorsal auditory network. We show that this combined approach enhances theta oscillatory activity within the fronto-parietal network and causes improvements in auditory working memory performance. We show that compared to individuals who received sham stimulation, cognitive training can be accelerated when combined with optimized rhTMS, and that task performance benefits can outlast the training period by up to 3 days. Furthermore, we show that there is increased theta oscillatory power within the recruited dorsal auditory network during training, and that sustained EEG changes can be observed up to 3 days following stimulation. The present study improves our understanding of the causal dynamic interactions supporting auditory working memory. Our results constitute an important proof of concept for the potential translational impact of non-invasive brain stimulation protocols and provide preliminary data for developing optimized rhTMS and training protocols that could be implemented in clinical populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information-based rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation accelerates learning during auditory working memory training

Whittaker,

Khayyat,

Fortier-Lavallée

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to testing for behavioral improvements on the trained auditory working memory task, the present study also looked for evidence of near and far cognitive transfers to an auditory working memory task with noise stimuli (near transfer) and to a visual mental rotation task (far transfer). Several functional imaging studies have reported increased activity in the left IPS during visual mental rotation ( Cohen et al, 1996 ; Alivisatos and Petrides, 1997 ; Jordan et al, 2001 ; Hiew et al, 2023 ) and there is strong evidence implicating theta activity within the frontoparietal network in manipulation of both auditory and visual information ( Kawasaki et al, 2014 ). Therefore, it is plausible that strengthening the oscillatory activity within this network via brain stimulation applied during auditory working memory training may induce a far transfer effect to tasks that share the same neural substrates even if they belong to distinct sensory domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information-based rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation to accelerate learning during auditory working memory training: a proof-of-concept study

Whittaker,

Khayyat,

Fortier-Lavallée

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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IntroductionRhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rhTMS) has been shown to enhance auditory working memory manipulation, specifically by boosting theta oscillatory power in the dorsal auditory pathway during task performance. It remains unclear whether these enhancements (i) persist beyond the period of stimulation, (ii) if they can accelerate learning and (iii) if they would accumulate over several days of stimulation. In the present study, we investigated the lasting behavioral and electrophysiological effects of applying rhTMS over the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) throughout the course of seven sessions of cognitive training on an auditory working memory task.MethodsA limited sample of 14 neurologically healthy participants took part in the training protocol with an auditory working memory task while being stimulated with either theta (5 Hz) rhTMS or sham TMS. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded before, throughout five training sessions and after the end of training to assess to effects of rhTMS on behavioral performance and on oscillatory entrainment of the dorsal auditory network.ResultsWe show that this combined approach enhances theta oscillatory activity within the fronto-parietal network and causes improvements in auditoryworking memory performance. We show that compared to individuals who received sham stimulation, cognitive training can be accelerated when combined with optimized rhTMS, and that task performance benefits can outlast the training period by ∼ 3 days. Furthermore, we show that there is increased theta oscillatory power within the recruited dorsal auditory network during training, and that sustained EEG changes can be observed ∼ 3 days following stimulation.DiscussionThe present study, while underpowered for definitive statistical analyses, serves to improve our understanding of the causal dynamic interactions supporting auditory working memory. Our results constitute an important proof of concept for the potential translational impact of non-invasive brain stimulation protocols and provide preliminary data for developing optimized rhTMS and training protocols that could be implemented in clinical populations.

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Amodal Completion: Mental Imagery or 3D Modeling?

Gauker

2024

Rev.Phil.Psych.

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In amodal completion the mind in some sense completes the visual perceptual representation of a scene by representing parts of the scene hidden behind other objects. Cognitive science has had a lot to say about how amodal completion occurs but has had little to say about the format of the representations involved and the way in which they represent. Some philosophers hold that amodal completions take the form of sensory imaginings of the occluded portions. This theory poses a puzzle for both philosophy and neuroscience about how the occluded parts are imagined to be located relative to the unoccluded parts. A better theory begins with the observation that for many purposes it is useful to suppose that the mind contains mental models of three-dimensional structure. Visual perceptions and mental images may be conceived as mental models that represent external scenes by virtue of homomorphism and which possess both a deep aspect, representing both visible and occluded three-dimensional structure, and a perspectival aspect, representing only an arrangement of visible surfaces. In these terms we can explain various problem-solving abilities, such as the ability to imagine what a scene will look like from another point of view. Amodal completions can be treated as deep perceptual representations of three-dimensional structure. Thus amodal completions do not consist of mental imagery, but they can be used to generate mental imagery representing how a scene would look from alternative points of view.

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Imaging the spin: Disentangling the core processes underlying mental rotation by network mapping of data from meta-analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 100 publications

Information-based rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation accelerates learning during auditory working memory training

Information-based rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation accelerates learning during auditory working memory training

Information-based rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation to accelerate learning during auditory working memory training: a proof-of-concept study

Amodal Completion: Mental Imagery or 3D Modeling?

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