Imidazolium salts as antifungal agents: activity against emerging yeast pathogens, without human leukocyte toxicity

Abstract

This study demonstrates the excellent in vitro antifungal activity profile of imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) against species of opportunistic human mycoses. Several ILs were identified as more effective and less harmful than

Imidazolium salts as antifungal agents: strong antibiofilm activity against multidrug-resistant Candida tropicalis isolates

“…Furthermore, the potential efficacy of imidazolium salts against some species of bacteria and fungi, for example C. albicans, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, has been reported (Cornellas et al 2011). Considering these and our previous screening results, in combination with the low toxicity to humans from some of these imidazolium salts at MIC (no genotoxic effect to cell membrane structure or DNA damage in human leukocyte cells) (Schrekker et al 2013), we decided to explore in further detail the potential activity of C 16 MImCl against planktonic and biofilm cells of multiresistant and sensitive isolates of C. tropicalis, either in solution or applied on the surface of discs of commercial catheters. This approach could provide a cheaper, more sustainable and less chemically aggressive lock therapy alternative for invasive clinical instrumentation, as well as a treatment for persistent biofilm originated candidiasis.…”

“…This leads to a process of depletion of intracellular constituents that are essential for the fungal growth and survival. The amphipathicity of the fungal target perfectly matches the physicochemical properties of the imidazolium salt, which explains its affinity with the fungal components (Schrekker et al 2013). The use of chelating and coordinating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is reported as effective to inhibit fungal biofilm formation, but only when applied to catheter lock therapy using extremely high concentrations (40 000 lg ml À1 ) (Percival et al 2005).…”

“…Recently, our group identified imidazolium salts as excellent candidates for this end use (Schrekker et al 2013). Differently from their neutral analogue drugs, for example azolic antifungals, the imidazolium salt's ionicity provides properties that are unusual and highly interesting for pharmaceutical formulations.…”

Ionic liquids as dynamic templating agents for sol–gel silica systems: synergistic anion and cation effect on the silica structured growth

“…Most of these ionic-covalent molecules present negligible vapor pressures, high electrical conductivity and heat capacity, non-flammability under ambient conditions [19] and promising antimicrobial [20,21], antitumoral and antioxidative properties [22], which make them very attractive for a constantly increasing number of application fields [23]. IL form extended hydrogen bond networks in both solid and liquid phases, together with high ionic mobility and stability in the presence of air and moisture.…”

Crystal structure of 1-[2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethyl]-1H-imidazole, C16H13Cl3N2OS

“…Imidazoles are heterocyclic rings that have been used for awide range of applications such as antifungal-antibiotic drugs, chiral auxiliariesand as ligands for metal complex asymmetric catalysis [2][3][4][5].An umber of antifungal drugs' single X-ray diffraction crystal structure have been published [6][7][8][9]. The present report includes the novel crystal structureo ft he antifungald rug tioconazole.…”