Immediate response to cigarette smoke.

Rees, P. J.; Chowienczyk, Phil; Clark, T. J. H.

doi:10.1136/thx.37.6.417

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Even in teenagers who have smoked for only a few years, maximum expiratory flow-volume curves demonstrate decreases in flow rates at small lung volumes [5]. The effect of acute smoking on airway calibre was also documented by Ress et al [6]. The obstruction to airflow that develops in 15 to 20% of heavy smokers is thought to be due to abnormalities in airways with less than 2 mm internal diameter [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The Prevalence of Smoking among the Population in the City of Mashhad (North East of Iran) And Pulmonary Function Tests among Smokers

Boskabady

Mahmoudinia²,

Eslamizade³

et al. 2010

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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Introduction: Smoking is known as a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study theprevalence of smoking in the population of Mashhad city was evaluated as well as pulmonary function tests (PFTs) of smokers. Material and methods: The prevalence of smoking was studied using a standard questionnaire. Pulmonary function tests, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal expiratory flow at 75%, 50%, and 25% of the FVC (MEF75,50,25), were measured in all smokers. Results: In total, 1435 individuals were interviewed including 999 males and 436 females. The number of smokers among the interviewed individuals was 183 (12.7%) including 172 male (17.2%) and 11 female (2.5%). The results showed that all values of PFTs in smokers were reduced. There were significant negative correlations between smoking duration and rate as pack/year and values of PFT (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this study the prevalence of smoking in the population of Mashhad city was shown for the first time. The effect of smoking on PFTs showed that smoking leads to constriction of large and medium airways, which is due to duration and rate of smoking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The Prevalence of Smoking among the Population in the City of Mashhad (North East of Iran) And Pulmonary Function Tests among Smokers

Boskabady

Mahmoudinia²,

Eslamizade³

et al. 2010

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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“…Rees et al [18] found that treat ment with salbutamol decreased the effect of smoke on specific conductance. Nadel and Comroe [19] found that isuprel diminished the constrictive re sponse to smoke, while Sterling and Chir [20] found that atropine abolished its response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary Effects of a Brief Exposure to Cigarette Smoke in the Guinea Pig

Wright

Harrison²

1990

Respiration

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To investigate whether the acute inflammatory response produced by acute cigarette smoke exposure is associated with alterations in pulmonary and cardiovascular function, using a respirator we exposed 8 guinea pigs to 350 ml of cigarette smoke diluted in 2,000 ml room air for 10 min. Lung volumes, pressure volume curves and flow volume curves were performed. Measurements of pulmonary artery pressure, systemic pressure, heart rate and cardiac output were taken at baseline, immediately after the smoke exposure, and 1.5 h after smoke exposure. Aliquots of peripheral blood for total white cell count and differential count were obtained. After animal sacrifice, the right lung was lavaged and white cell count and differential count performed. We found that acute exposure to cigarette smoke produced a peripheral blood neutrophilia which rose progressively from a baseline of 36.3 ± 8% to a maximum of 72.2 ± 7.7% at 1.5 h after exposure. There was pulmonary neutrophilia with 24.6 ± 6.3% neutrophils in the lavage fluid of the smoke-exposed animals compared to 8.4 ± 4.3% in the control animals. Immediately after smoke exposure, there was acute airflow obstruction with a decrease in the peak flow and forced expiratory flow between 25–75% vital capacity. This was associated with airtrapping, as shown by a transient increase in residual volume. There was a slight decrease in systemic blood pressure in the smoke-exposed animals associated with a nonsignificant decrease in the heart rate, and the cardiac output remained stable. After 1.5 h, there was still evidence of airflow obstruction in the smoke-exposed animals, and both groups showed a slight decrease in cardiac output. We conclude that acute cigarette smoke exposure in guinea pigs produces pulmonary functional abnormalities which may be related to acute bronchoconstriction and to the inflammatory response. Within the constraints of this animal model, we could not find evidence of significant vasospasm

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“…Moreover, inhalation of smoke from even a single cigarette has been shown to cause brief broncho-constriction in both smokers and non-smokers 11 . The reduction in specific conductance of the airways as the acute effect of smoking has been reported to be within 8 seconds after starting smoking, whereas the maximum acute effect 30 minutes after smoking 15 . Smoking of tobacco significantly reduces the cardio-respiratory functions 16,17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence Of Smoking And Physical Activity On Pulmonary Function

Rexhepi¹,

Brestovci²

2010

IJPM

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of smoking and physical activity on lung function. There were used the research method of three groups: smokers, non-smokers and sportsmen. Nine spirometric variables were used to evaluate the pulmonary function and differences between groups. Significance of the differences was tested by ANOVA and Canonical Discriminant Analyses. Sportsmen had significantly higher values of forced expiratory volume in 1 st second and expiratory vital capacity, whereas the smokers lower. Non-smokers and sportsmen had similar lung capacity, but better than smokers. Factor Analyses had revealed two latent factors. The first factor explained 64.9% of the total variance and inform about lung capacity. The second factor explained 12.96% of the total variance and inform about air-flowing during respiration. The differences between groups in latent structure were significant. This investigation revealed the effects of smoking and physical activity on decreasing, respectively increasing of respiratory abilities.

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Immediate response to cigarette smoke.

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

The Prevalence of Smoking among the Population in the City of Mashhad (North East of Iran) And Pulmonary Function Tests among Smokers

The Prevalence of Smoking among the Population in the City of Mashhad (North East of Iran) And Pulmonary Function Tests among Smokers

Cardiopulmonary Effects of a Brief Exposure to Cigarette Smoke in the Guinea Pig

Influence Of Smoking And Physical Activity On Pulmonary Function

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