Immersion Foot: A Case Report

Olson, Zachary; Kman, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.02.040

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Most reports of prolonged water exposure stem from the military, and most cases are restricted to the lower extremities. 1,13,15 The term immersion foot syndrome has been used to describe a variety of injuries from prolonged immersion or moisture. 1 Four immersion foot syndromes have been described in military personnel, depending on the water temperature: trench foot, immersion foot, tropical immersion foot, and warm water immersion foot.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Rare cases of immersion foot and trench foot have been documented in homeless populations. 10,13,20 Immersion foot syndrome has also been reported in elderly patients, in a hiker with prolonged exposure to wet conditions, and with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a child with a foot cast. 9,15,17 Various flood-related injuries have been described in horses, including integumentary injuries, 11 but immersion foot syndrome has not been reported in the veterinary literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Water itself has been described as an irritant and can incite inflammation independent of bacterial burden. 13,18 The stratum corneum is a protective barrier to foreign substances but can become more susceptible to injury when excessively hydrated. 1,18 Cracked skin is thought to be the result of denatured keratin and loss of corneal lipids, leading to decreased skin pliability.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Immersion Foot Syndrome in 6 Equids Exposed to Hurricane Floodwaters

et al. 2020

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Prolonged exposure to water, known as immersion foot syndrome in humans, is a phenomenon first described in soldiers during World War I and characterized by dermal ischemic necrosis. In this report, we describe the pathologic findings of a condition resembling immersion foot syndrome in 5 horses and 1 donkey with prolonged floodwater exposure during Hurricane Harvey. At necropsy, all animals had dermal defects ventral to a sharply demarcated “water line” along the lateral trunk. In 5 animals, histologic examination revealed moderate to severe perivascular dermatitis with vasculitis and coagulative necrosis consistent with ischemia. The severity of the lesions progressed from ventral trunk to distal limbs and became more pronounced in the chronic cases. The pathophysiology of immersion foot syndrome is multifactorial and results from changes in the dermal microvasculature leading to thrombosis and ischemia. Prompt recognition of this disease may lead to appropriate patient management and decreased morbidity.

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confidence: 99%