Immersion in Mediated Environments: The Role of Personality Traits

Weibel, David; Wissmath, Bartholomäus; Mast, Fred W.

doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0171

Cited by 131 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Past studies show that individuals differ in their ability to become immersed in or engaged with the virtual environment (e.g. Sacau, Laarni, & Hartmann, 2008;Weibel, Wissmath, & Mast, 2010), which may hinder positive treatment outcome. Hence, future studies should further investigate specific user characteristics such as personality traits (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a meta-analysis

Kothgassner

Goreis

Kafka

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

153

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Contrary to specific phobias, for which Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) constitutes an effective treatment, uncertainty still exists regarding the usefulness of VRET for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, this meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of VRET for PTSD as compared to waitlist and active comparators. A literature search yielded nine controlled studies encompassing 296 participants (124 VRET, 172 controls). The differences between conditions regarding the primary outcome of PTSD symptom severity and the secondary outcome of depressive and anxiety symptoms post-treatment were calculated using Hedges' g. Compared to waitlist controls, VRET showed a significantly better outcome for PTSD symptoms (g = 0.62, p = .017) and depressive symptoms (g = 0.50, p = .008). There was no significant difference between VRET and active comparators regarding PTSD symptoms (g = 0.25, p = .356) and depressive symptoms (g = 0.24, p = .340) post-treatment. No significant effects emerged for anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that VRET may be as effective as active comparators for PTSD patients. However, the results must be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of trials and the substantial number ofpredominantly malemilitary service members studied. Additional controlled trials, considering a wider range of trauma types and balanced gender, are required to strengthen the evidence.重程度的差异，以及抑郁和焦虑症状的差异。与等候名单对照组相比，VRET显示出PTSD 症状(g = 0.62，p = .017)和抑郁症状(g = 0.50，p = .008)的显著更好的结果。 VRET 和有效对照疗法之间在治疗后PTSD症状(g = 0.25，p = .356)和抑郁症状(g = 0.24，p = .340)上没有显著差异。对焦虑症状没有显著效果。这些发现表明，VRET可能与PTSD患者的有效对照疗法一样有效。但是，因为纳入试验数量有限，并且研究了大量以男性为主的军事服务人员，必须谨慎解释研究结果。需要进一步的对照试验以加强证据，未来的研究需要考虑更广泛的创伤类型和对参与者性别进行平衡。 ORCID Oswald D. Kothgassner http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3243-0238 Andreas Goreis http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8994-964X Johanna X. Kafka http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-3546 Rahel L. Van Eickels http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-2929 Paul L. Plener

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a meta-analysis

Kothgassner

Goreis

Kafka

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These factors have been used to analyze the effects of personality on game enjoyment in a number of studies [30,31]. They were measured using the 50-item IPIP inventory [32] available at http://ipip.ori.org.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing motivation in robot-aided arm rehabilitation with competitive and cooperative gameplay

Novak

Nagle

Keller

et al. 2014

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

182

136

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BackgroundSeveral strategies have been proposed to improve patient motivation and exercise intensity during robot-aided stroke rehabilitation. One relatively unexplored possibility is two-player gameplay, allowing subjects to compete or cooperate with each other to achieve a common goal. In order to explore the potential of such games, we designed a two-player game played using two ARMin arm rehabilitation robots.MethodsThe game was an air-hockey task displayed on a computer monitor and controlled using shoulder movements in the ARMin robot. Three game modes were tested: single-player (competing against computer), competitive (competing against human), and cooperative (cooperating with human against computer). All modes were played by 30 unimpaired subjects and 8 impaired chronic stroke subjects. The subjects filled out the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory questionnaire after each game mode, as well as a final questionnaire about game preferences and their personality.ResultsNearly all unimpaired subjects preferred playing the two-player game modes to the single-player one, as they enjoyed talking and interacting with another person. However, there were two distinct player groups: one liked the competitive mode but not the cooperative mode while the other liked the cooperative but not the competitive mode. Unimpaired subjects who liked the competitive mode also put significantly more effort into it than into the other modes. Results from impaired subjects were similar, with even impaired subjects over 60 years old enjoying competitive gameplay. The subjects’ personalities roughly predicted which mode they would prefer, which was especially evident in a poorly-matched impaired pair that preferred the single-player mode.ConclusionsResults indicate great potential for two-player rehabilitation games, in the form of greater enjoyment as well as potentially more intensive exercise compared to single-player games. However, the right game type needs to be chosen for each subject depending on skill and personality, along with selecting an appropriate co-player. Further studies with patients that are currently enrolled in rehabilitation programs are recommended, and the subjective measures used in our study should be augmented with objective measures such as electromyography.

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“…It is well known that personality and the experience of presence in virtual environment are related (Baños et al, 1999; Beeli et al, 2008; Weibel et al, 2010). Notably, the video presentation had considerable benefits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A short but comprehensive description of the five personality factors can be found in Weibel et al (2010). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Some like it hot”: spectators who score high on the personality trait openness enjoy the excitement of hearing dancers breathing without music

Jola

Pollick

Calvo-Merino

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Music is an integral part of dance. Over the last 10 years, however, dance stimuli (without music) have been repeatedly used to study action observation processes, increasing our understanding of the influence of observer’s physical abilities on action perception. Moreover, beyond trained skills and empathy traits, very little has been investigated on how other observer or spectators’ properties modulate action observation and action preference. Since strong correlations have been shown between music and personality traits, here we aim to investigate how personality traits shape the appreciation of dance when this is presented with three different music/sounds. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between personality traits and the subjective esthetic experience of 52 spectators watching a 24 min lasting contemporary dance performance projected on a big screen containing three movement phrases performed to three different sound scores: classical music (i.e., Bach), an electronic sound-score, and a section without music but where the breathing of the performers was audible. We found that first, spectators rated the experience of watching dance without music significantly different from with music. Second, we found that the higher spectators scored on the Big Five personality factor openness, the more they liked the no-music section. Third, spectators’ physical experience with dance was not linked to their appreciation but was significantly related to high average extravert scores. For the first time, we showed that spectators’ reported entrainment to watching dance movements without music is strongly related to their personality and thus may need to be considered when using dance as a means to investigate action observation processes and esthetic preferences.

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Immersion in Mediated Environments: The Role of Personality Traits

Cited by 131 publications

References 23 publications

Virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a meta-analysis

Virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a meta-analysis

Increasing motivation in robot-aided arm rehabilitation with competitive and cooperative gameplay

“Some like it hot”: spectators who score high on the personality trait openness enjoy the excitement of hearing dancers breathing without music

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