Immune activation affects whole-organism performance in male but not female green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis)

Husak, Jerry F.; Rohlf, Christine M; Lailvaux, Simon P.

doi:10.1007/s00360-021-01370-0

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Also, suboptimal nutrition, possibly driven by changes in prey availability, will lower the amounts of resources available to an individual. Loss of fur will demand more energetic resources to maintain thermal homeostasis [47], in turn reducing the available resources for other costly physiological processes [48,49]. This has already been shown for other pinniped species (namely, the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus) that inhabit the same region, where individuals impacted by temperature-related dietary shifts had reduced inflammatory responses and antibody levels [50] and red blood cell membrane alterations [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Guadalupe fur seal alopecia: a metabolic syndrome associated to climatic anomalies?

Guzmán-Solís

Elorriaga‐Verplancken²,

Acevedo‐Whitehouse

2023

Preprint

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Alopecia is characterized by the thinning and loss of hair or fur, and has been observed in different marine carnivores. Until recently, there were no records of alopecia in marine mammals from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. However, sightings of juvenile male Guadalupe fur seals with patchy alopecia in the ventral body have been reported in the San Benito Archipelago. This is concerning given that the species is considered endangered under Mexican law and has only started to recover from near extinction less than a century ago. We captured 13 fur seals at San Benito Archipelago during the summer of 2017 and 2018 and collected fur samples for common dermatological analysis, as well as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy. We found marked damage to the structure of guard fur, with loss of integrity, medullary damage and perforations. Damage to secondary underfur hair was less common. We found no evidence of dermatophyte microorganisms or ectoparasites commonly associated with alopecia. We suggest that the damage is caused by metabolic alterations secondary to nutritional stress that is consequential to high sea surface temperatures that alter prey availability. This is the first study of alopecia in an otariid pinniped of the Northeast Pacific Ocean.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Guadalupe fur seal alopecia: a metabolic syndrome associated to climatic anomalies?

Guzmán-Solís

Elorriaga‐Verplancken²,

Acevedo‐Whitehouse

2023

Preprint

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“…The size range of the individuals was small (means ± standard error of the mean: female SVL = 49.0 ± 0.23; male SVL = 59.4 ± 0.23; female mass = 2.4 ± 0.03; male mass = 4.2 ± 0.06), making it more likely to detect the impact of other factors on metabolic rate. The lizards were allowed 2 weeks of acclimation before the start of the experiment and were fed a diet that made them susceptible to tradeoffs but was not low enough in calories to be considered a "calorie restriction" diet (e.g., Husak et al, 2016Husak et al, , 2021. Lizards were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups, with 15 lizards of each sex per treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild‐caught adult male ( N = 60) and female ( N = 60) green anole lizards ( A. carolinesis ) were acquired from a commercial vendor (Candy's Quality Reptiles) during their breeding season and housed in climate‐controlled cages (28°C–31°C) following standard protocols in the laboratory throughout the duration of the project (Husak et al, 2021). All lizards were measured for snout‐vent length (SVL) with digital calipers and mass with a digital balance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex‐specific effects of immune challenges on green anole lizard metabolism

Duerwachter,

Lewis,

French

et al. 2024

J Exp Zool Pt A

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Immune responses can increase survival, but they can also incur a variety of costs that may lead to phenotypic trade‐offs. The nature of trade‐offs between immune activity and other components of the phenotype can vary and depend on the type and magnitude of immune challenge, as well as the energetic costs of simultaneously expressing other traits. There may also be sex‐specific differences in both immune activity and trade‐offs, particularly with regard to energy expenditure that might differ between males and females during the breeding season. Females are generally expected to invest less in nonspecific immune responses compared to males due to differences in the allocation of resources to reproduction, which may lead to sex differences in the metabolic costs of immunity. We tested for sex‐specific differences in metabolic costs of different types of immune challenges in Anolis carolinensis lizards, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and wounding. We also tested for differences in immune prioritization by measuring bacterial killing ability (BKA). We predicted males would show a greater increase in metabolism after immune challenges, with combined immune challenges eliciting the greatest response. Furthermore, we predicted that metabolic costs would result in decreased BKA. LPS injection increased the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of males but not females. Wounding did not affect RMR of either sex. However, there was an inverse relationship between BKA and wound healing in LPS‐injected lizards, suggesting dynamic tradeoffs among metabolism and components of the immune system.

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“…Performancelife-history trade-offs are likely common, yet typically demonstrated only in specific study systems or as isolated studies (Lailvaux and Husak, 2014). For example, experimental immune challenges alter reproductive output (Metcalfe and Graham, 2018;Adamo, 2017) and performance capacities (Zamora-Camacho et al, 2015;Husak et al, 2021;Hudson et al, 2021), whereas increasing investment in locomotion via 'exercise training' reduces reproductive output (Husak et al, 2016;Minter et al, 2018) and alters immunocompetence (Chapman et al, 2015;Wang and Husak, 2020;Altizer et al, 2011). Performance costs are still seldom integrated into the broader aspects of life history despite the energetic costs, relevance to fitness and integrative nature of performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved and convergent mechanisms underlying performance–life-history trade-offs

Husak

Lailvaux

2022

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Phenotypic trade-offs are inevitable in nature, but the mechanisms driving them are poorly understood. Movement and oxygen are essential to all animals, and as such, the common ancestor to all living animals passed on mechanisms to acquire oxygen and contract muscle, sometimes at the expense of other activities or expression of traits. Nevertheless, convergent pathways have also evolved to deal with critical trade-offs that are necessary to survive ubiquitous environmental challenges. We discuss how whole-animal performance traits, such as locomotion, are important to fitness, yet costly, resulting in trade-offs with other aspects of the phenotype via specific conserved and convergent mechanistic pathways across all animals. Specifically, we discuss conserved pathways involved in muscle structure and signaling, insulin/insulin-like signaling, sirtuins, mitochondria and hypoxia-inducible factors, as well as convergent pathways involved in energy regulation, development, reproductive investment and energy storage. The details of these mechanisms are only known from a few model systems, and more comparative studies are needed. We make two main recommendations as a framework for future studies of animal form and function. First, studies of performance should consider the broader life-history context of the organism, and vice versa, as performance expression can require a large portion of acquired resources. Second, studies of life histories or mechanistic pathways that measure performance should do so in meaningful and standardized ways. Understanding proximate mechanisms of phenotypic trade-offs will not only better explain the phenotypes of the organisms we study, but also allow predictions about phenotypic variation at the evolutionary scale.

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Immune activation affects whole-organism performance in male but not female green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis)

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

Guadalupe fur seal alopecia: a metabolic syndrome associated to climatic anomalies?

Guadalupe fur seal alopecia: a metabolic syndrome associated to climatic anomalies?

Sex‐specific effects of immune challenges on green anole lizard metabolism

Conserved and convergent mechanisms underlying performance–life-history trade-offs

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