Immune-enhancing effect of hydrolyzed and fermented <i>Platycodon grandiflorum</i> extract in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c mice

Lee, Hyun Sook; Kim, So Mi; Jung, Jae In; Lim, Jihoon; Woo, Moonjea; Kim, Eun Ji

doi:10.4162/nrp.2023.17.2.206

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The LED-R+B group showed the highest IgG level among all experimental mice. In previous studies, A. hookeri leaf and root extracts improved the concentrations of IgG [ 35 ], and onion skin, fermented P. grandiflorum , and aged P. grandiflorum extracts also increased serum IgG concentrations in CPA-induced immunosuppressed mice [ 34 , 42 , 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The initial body weights of mice were not significant in all groups. However, final body weights were significantly lower in the NC group than in the NOR group due to CPA treatment, which induces immunosuppression and weight loss in spite of a high-fat diet for the immunosuppressed obese model [ 34 ]. The final body weights of mice treated with A. hookeri leaf extracts increased and were comparable to those of the NOR group, which was not immunosuppressed with CPA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A. hookeri root ethanolic extract also decreased liver and epididymal fat weights in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice [ 15 ]. A previous study reported that the administration of hydrolyzed and fermented Platycodon grandiflorum extract increased the spleen and thymus weights in CPA-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c mice [ 34 ], which are important immune organs playing immune homeostasis [ 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LPS stimulates the proliferation of B cells, whereas Con A stimulates the proliferation of T cells [ 50 ]. CPA causes a cytotoxic reaction by forming reactive metabolites that alkylate DNA and proteins, generate cross-links, and inhibit the differentiation of T cells [ 34 ]. This study assessed the proliferation of splenocytes to identify the effects of A. hookeri leaves grown under artificial lights ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TNF-α concentration was lower in the NC group compared to that of the NOR group and was significantly higher in the FL group rather than the NC group. In previous studies, A. hookeri leaf and root extracts increased serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels [ 35 ], onion skin improved serum IL-1β levels, and P. grandiflorum controlled the serum TNF-α levels in CPA-induced immunosuppressed mice, respectively [ 34 , 42 , 53 ]. In this study, all A. hookeri leaf extracts stimulated the production of IgG and cytokines in the immunosuppressed mice ( p < 0.05 or p > 0.05); A. hookeri leaves grown in plant factories with artificial lights may be used as immune-enhancing foods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Immune-Stimulating and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lights in Immunosuppressed Obese C57BL/6 Mice

Jung,

Kim,

Jeong

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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We investigated the immune-stimulating and anti-diabetic effects of Allium hookeri leaves grown in a plant factory with artificial lights. The immunomodulatory effects of A. hookeri leaves’ ethanol extracts were evaluated with immune-related hematological factors in blood, the proliferation of splenocytes, NK cell activity, IgG and cytokine levels, and their mechanisms in immunosuppressed obese mice. Anti-diabetic effects were determined by the inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro and fasting blood glucose levels and biochemical factors in the serum of immunosuppressed obese mice. A. hookeri leaf extracts increased WBC and LYM counts, the proliferation of splenocytes, and serum IgG and IL-1β concentrations compared to those of the NC group, which was used as a negative control. A. hookeri leaf extracts also improved serum HDL levels while they decreased the activities of digestive enzymes, fasting blood glucose, and biochemical factors (ALT, AST, T-Chol, TG, LDL, and GLU). The expressions of IL-1β, JNK, c-Jun, p65, and iNOS in the thymus of immunosuppressed mice were activated by the treatment of A. hookeri leaf extracts. The results suggest that A. hookeri leaves grown in a plant factory with artificial lights also have immune-stimulatory and anti-diabetic effects and can be used as novel functional supplements to control related diseases and to improve public health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Immune-Stimulating and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lights in Immunosuppressed Obese C57BL/6 Mice

Jung,

Kim,

Jeong

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Immunoenhancement effect of cinobufagin on macrophages and the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mouse model

Zhao,

Wang,

2024

International Immunopharmacology

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Immunomodulatory Effects of Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract in Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppressed Mice

Kalona,

Sundaresan,

Muthiah

et al. 2024

Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics

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Background Cyclophosphamide is one of the most extensively used chemotherapeutic drugs and is employed to treat several malignancies. Cyclophosphamide often comes with several unpleasant side effects. The primary negative consequence of cyclophosphamide in clinical chemotherapy is immunosuppression, which can lead to life-threatening complications. Objectives: The present work was dedicated to exploring the therapeutic effects of Andrographis paniculata against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. Materials and Methods The BALB/c mice were treated with 80 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide to achieve immunosuppression and treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of A. paniculata extract. 10 mg/kg of levamisole was used as a standard drug. After the completion of the treatments, the body weights of the experimental animals were measured. The immune organs (spleen and thymus) were determined by standard methods. The levels of blood components were studied using an automated hematological analyzer. The macrophage phagocytic index, humoral response, and delayed immune response were studied by standard methods. The histopathological analysis was done on the heart, spleen, and thymus. Results The treatment with 250 and 500 mg/kg of A. paniculata extract substantially increased the body weight and elevated the immune organ index in the immunosuppressed mice. The changes in the levels of hematological parameters were successfully modulated by A. paniculata. The levels of macrophage phagocytic index and delayed and humoral immune responses were boosted by the A. paniculata extract treatment in the immunosuppressed mice. The outcomes of histopathological analysis exhibited that the A. paniculata extract attenuated the cyclophosphamide-induced damage to the heart, thymus, and spleen tissues. Conclusion The findings of the current work validate the immunomodulatory properties of A. paniculata extract in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Hence, it was clear that A. paniculata can be a talented immunomodulatory agent to treat immunological complications.

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Immune-enhancing effect of hydrolyzed and fermented Platycodon grandiflorum extract in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c mice

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

The Immune-Stimulating and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lights in Immunosuppressed Obese C57BL/6 Mice

The Immune-Stimulating and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lights in Immunosuppressed Obese C57BL/6 Mice

Immunoenhancement effect of cinobufagin on macrophages and the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mouse model

Immunomodulatory Effects of Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract in Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppressed Mice

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